Light, versatile clothing: pack a comfy t-shirt and a lightweight jacket in case it gets chilly in the morning or evening.

Rain jacket or windbreaker: great for surprise showers, especially in cities like Venice or Florence.

Light, breathable long pants: perfect for walking around all day and respectful for churches or museums that require modest dress.

Comfortable walking shoes: Italy means lots of walking (and cobblestone streets!), so go for supportive sneakers or travel shoes.

Phone and power bank: for navigation, taking photos, and staying connected.