https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks Made with a bold sensibility en-us 2022-04-13 12:27:05 UTC 2022-04-29 18:33:28 UTC hello@padlet.com mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2150214278 Little Rock Nine were a group of African American students who were refused the right to an education. The students attempted to attend school one morning to find the National-Gaurd at the doors waiting for them. They were told they were not allowed to go in and this just did not sit right with President Dwight D. Eisenhower.Later that month, President Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school.]]> 2022-04-20 12:14:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2150214278 mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2152041239 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, involved Kansas  permitting racial segregation in some of the state's elementary schools. To end segregation in kansa schools, they were going to need some help. Topekans, joined by the NAACP, and several other cases such as  Briggs v. Elliott from South Carolina; Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, Virginia; Bolling v. Sharpe from the District of Columbia; and Gebhart v. Belton from Delaware, to help them win this horrible fight. On May 17, 1954, a unanimous vote deemed segregation in schools unconstitutional. "Separate but equal" facilities were no longer permitted. ]]> 2022-04-21 13:27:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2152041239 mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2152079023 The community that Briggs lived in has asked the town to provide busses for the black children just like they did for the white children. Their request was ignored and the town decided to file a lawsuit.  With the court denying the plaintiffs' request to abolish school segregation. Instead, they ordered the school board to begin equalization of the schools. This was essentially schools built in the 1950s for African-American children in an effort to off integration]]> 2022-04-21 13:51:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2152079023 mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2152083496 This case is based off segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, because separate facilities are inherently unequal. Moton High-School was very run down to the point it was almost unsafe. It was not a nice school like the white children got to attend. Students fought for a new building with proper plumbing. There was no gymnasium or cafeteria and there was only outdoor restrooms... Parents requested improvement and of course were denied until 1951. Spottswood Robinson and Oliver Hill from the NAACP filed lawsuit on behalf of the students. County officials ultimately defied the Supreme Court ruling and closed public schools for five years between 1959 and 1964. The Prince Edward County Board of Supervisors reopened and desegregated its public schools in 1964.]]> 2022-04-21 13:54:15 UTC https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2152083496 mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2152087234 Black parents were very unhappy with the inadequate conditions in schools reserved for their African American children. The Belton v Gebhart case was actually the first case in which the lower court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. Belton's parents were unhappy that they had to send their children to a run-down segregated high school in Wilmington rather than a school in the community close to home. Thankfully, the Chancellor ruled that the plaintiffs were being denied equal protection of the law and ordered that the eleven children involved be immediately admitted to the white school.]]> 2022-04-21 13:56:38 UTC https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2152087234 mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2159417071 September 11, 1950, Gardner Bishop, Nicholas Stabile and other parents  attempted to get eleven African-American students (including the case's plaintiff, Spottswood Bolling) admitted to the school, but were refused entry by the school's principal. In the case of Sharpe (1954) the Court held that the Constitution prohibits segregated public schools in the District of Columbia. ]]> 2022-04-27 00:11:28 UTC https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2159417071 mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2159443941 On Sept. 12, 1958, Gov. Orval Faubus closed all Little Rock, Arkansas public high schools for one year. Segregation was too large of an issue for the government to have schools open. If one race couldn't go to school, the no one could. Yet this soon after stopped because during this year, ninety-three percent of white students and fifty percent of the Black students gained access to some form of alternative schooling. Faubus’s action not only locked students from their classrooms but locked 177 teachers and administrators in the schools. ]]> 2022-04-27 00:34:33 UTC https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2159443941 mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2159456348  “Little Rock Nine" were the first African American students to desegregate Little Rock Central High School. This was a big thing in their generation because schools were still deeply segregated. Today schools are open to children of all color and or disabilities. This issue is a major part of history because we want to be able to prevent this from happening again in the future. These students were brave enough to stand up for what they believed in and it changed schools around the world. ]]> 2022-04-27 00:44:19 UTC https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2159456348 mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2159457374 Little Rock Nine - Definition, Names & Facts - HISTORY

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1) | Oyez

https://www.nps.gov/brvb/learn/historyculture/socarolina.ht
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https://brown65.the74million.org/davisvprince

https://brown65.the74million.org/beltonvgebhart

https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/little-rock-nine

https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/little-rock-schools-closed/#:~:text=On%20Sept.,without%20access%20to%20public%20education.

https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/347/497  

]]> 2022-04-27 00:45:11 UTC https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2159457374 mjtaylor00123 https://padlet.com/mjtaylor00123/Bookmarks/wish/2164749159           Nine ordinary teenagers walked out of their homes and stepped up to desegregate the school system. Little Rock Nine were a group of nine Black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. Trying to attend the school day, they were blocked and refused from going in by the National Guard sent by Governor Faubus. 
          Schools during this time were tremendously segregated and this group specifically was sick of it. The integration of Little Rock's all-white Central High School was a first time that the federal government's ability to enforce a ruling that said "separate but equal schools were unconstitutional." This all would not of happened if Brown. vs Board did not happen. 
          Brown. vs. board simply stated that "the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution." Meaning segregation in schools was no longer allowed. There were many cases that led up to the Brown vs. Board case. Cases like; Briggs vs Elliot, Bolling vs. Sharpe, Belton vs Gebhart, and Davis vs Edward County are what led Brown vs. Board to victory. 
          This had a huge impact on today's schools. It seems bizarre to tell a child that they are not allowed to learn or even enter a school simply because of the color of their skin. It is unfortunate that this happened to the group of nine African American children, but they changed the world for the better. The impact they made was huge and people of color were now able to attend school. 

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