Women in Science (MODULO 3A - Escuela 763) by Marcela Morejon

Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie (1867-1934)

marcelamorejon2022 — 2022-05-30 15:04:59 UTC

Nationality: Polish (by birth) and French (by marriage)
Fields: Physics - Chemistry
Known for:

The only person to win a Nobel Prizein two sciences
Radioactivity
Polonium
Radium

Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717)

marcelamorejon2022 — 2022-05-30 15:21:38 UTC

Nationality: German
Fields: entomologist and illustrator
Known for: Documentation of butterfly metamorphosis, scientific illustration .

Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-1958)

2022-05-31 13:10:45 UTC

Nationality: BRITISH
Fields: chemistry and crystallography
Known For: Discovering the molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, carbon, and graphite.

Maryam Mirzakhani (1977 - 2017)

2022-06-01 21:39:36 UTC

Nationality: Tehran,Irán
Fields : Mathematics
Know for :

The first female Iranian student to win the gold medal in the International Mathematical Olympiad.
She was a leading scholar on the dynamics and geometry of the complex surfaces .
She became the first female winner of the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics athematics .

Rita Levi - Montalcini (1909-2012)

2022-06-02 22:01:38 UTC

Nationality: Jewish Italian
Fields: Medicine
Known for:
* Nobel Prize in Medicine
* Discovered nerve growth factor

Gertrude Belle Elion (1918-1999)

2022-06-02 22:03:41 UTC

Nationality: American
Fields: biochemist and pharmacologist
Known for:

She invented the first treatment for leukemia and the first immuno-suppressive drug for organ transplants.
Nobel Prize 1988 for medicine

Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797)

2022-06-02 22:11:32 UTC

Nationality: Jiangning County, China.
Fields: geography, mathematics, medicine and astronomy.
Known for: his contributions to astronomy, mathematics and poetry.
She studied lunar eclipses researching in the garden of his house

Dorothy Hodgkin: (1910-1994)

2022-06-02 22:12:49 UTC

Nationality: British
Fields: Chemist
Known For:
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry in (1964)
* Pioneer of x-ray

Rachel Carson: (1907-1964)

2022-06-02 22:23:27 UTC

Nationality: American
Fields: Marine biologist
Known For: Author of the book "Silent Spring"

Henrietta Leavitt (1868 - 1921)

2022-06-02 22:24:29 UTC

Nationality: USA
Field: Astronomer
Know for:
• Identified and classified over 2.400 stars.
• Discovered that there was a relationship between the period and luminosity of a particular variable stars, the Cepheids.

Esther Lederberg: (1922-2006)

2022-06-02 22:31:58 UTC

Nationality: American
Fields: Scientist
Know For:

Microboliology and Genetics
Bacterial Fertility Factor f

Eunice Foote: (1819-1888)

2022-06-02 22:39:31 UTC

Nacionality: Americana
Fields: Scienist
Known For:
* Pioneerig scientist and women s rights activist
* First theorized and demonstrated the greenhouse effect

Elizabeth Blackwell: (1821-1910)

2022-06-02 22:50:33 UTC

Nationality: United Kingdom
Fields: Medicine
Known For:
* Establish a medical school for women in london and become a specilist in midwifery

Bascom Florence (1862-1945)

2022-06-02 23:36:24 UTC

Nationality: American
Fields: geologist
Known for: pioneer in the field of geology and published over 40 articles on genetic petrography, geomorphology, and gravel. Also the first edition of American Men and Women of Science gave her 4 stars.

Marie Anne Paulze Lavoisier (1758-1836)

2022-06-03 20:27:06 UTC

Nationality: French
Fields: Chemistry, Translator and Painter
Known For:
* Mother of modern chemistry
* Discovered gaseous oxygen
* Standardization of the scientific method

Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin (1900-1979)

2022-06-03 20:34:52 UTC

Nationality: British-American
Fields: Astrophisics
Known For:

Contribution to the observational study of high temperature in the reversing layer of stars.
Medal Rittenhouse (1934)
Medal Henry Norris (1961)

Mary Anning (1799-1847)

2022-06-06 07:04:33 UTC

Nationality: England

Fields: Paleontology
Known for: she discoverered of the first ichthyosaur and plesiosaur fossils

Jane Cooke Wright (1919-2013)

2022-06-06 23:38:44 UTC

Nationality: American
Fields : Medicine
Known for: Pioneered fight against cancer
Surgeon.

Nettie Stevens (1861-1921)

2022-06-06 23:44:36 UTC

Nationality: Americans
Fields: Genétic-Biologist
Knowles For: National women's hall of fame (1994)
XY sistema of sex determination

Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921 - 2011)

2022-06-08 18:54:35 UTC

Nationality: American
Fields: Physics
Known for: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977

Elisabeth Garret Anderson (1836-1917)

2022-06-08 20:11:31 UTC

Nationality: British
Field: medicine
Known For:

First woman to study medicina
She created a faculty for women
She was mayor of Adelburgh

Émilie de Châtelet (1706 - 1749)

2022-06-08 21:01:49 UTC

Nationality: French
Field: math, physics
Known For: She is known for her French translation of Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica

Marie Tharp (1920 - 2006)

2022-06-09 18:51:43 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: scientific ,geology, cartography, oceanography.
Known for: She created the first scientific maps of the ocean floor had a Master’s degree in geology and a second degree in math

Maria Goeppert Mayer (1906-1972)

2022-06-09 18:58:42 UTC

Nationality: Poland
Fields: educator, college professor, theoretical physicist.
Known for: Nobel Prize in physics 1963

Jane Goodall (b.1934 - )

2022-06-09 19:10:48 UTC

Nationality: England
Fields: Primatologist, Researcher, Conservationist, Anthropology, Screenwriter.
Known for: Premios templeton, Tyler Prize for environmental achievement, Hubbard medal, Edinburgh medal, Kyoto prize in basic sciences.

HYPATIA (355-416)

2022-06-16 11:29:19 UTC

Nationality: Egypt
Fields: Mathematician & astronomer
Know for:
* the earliest documented female mathematician
* Popular teacher

Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-1997)

2022-06-16 13:18:01 UTC

Nationality: American
Fields: Nuclear Physics
Known For: His contributions in experimental Physics
Her discovery contributed to the development of the process to separate uranium metal into uranium-235 and uranium-238 isotopes by gaseous diffusion.

Caroline Herschel (1750 - 1848)

2022-06-18 03:02:41 UTC

Nationality: Germany
Fields: Astronomy
Known for: She was awarded numerous honours, being awarded the 1828 gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, of which she became an honorary member in 1835. At the age of 96 she was awarded the gold medal of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1846

Sophie Germain (1776 - 1831)

2022-06-18 03:07:05 UTC

Nationality: France
Fields: Math
Known for: One of the pioneers of elasticity theory , she won the grand prize from the Paris Academy of Sciences for her essay on the subject. Her work on Fermat's Last Theorem provided a foundation for mathematicians exploring the subject for hundreds of years after.

Mary Somerville (1780 - 1872)

2022-06-18 03:13:06 UTC

Nationality: Scotland
Fields: mathematics and astronomy
Known for:

The first female Honorary Members of the Royal Astronomical Society.
In 1834 she became the first person to be described in print as a 'scientist'

Ada Lovelace (1815 - 1852)

2022-06-18 03:16:16 UTC

Nationality: Great Britain
Fields: Math
Known for: She was the first to recognise that the machine had applications beyond pure calculation, and to have published the first algorithm intended to be carried out by such a machine. As a result, she is often regarded as the first computer programmer.

Phoebe Sarah Hertha Ayrton (1854 - 1923)

2022-06-18 03:20:14 UTC

Nationality: British
Fields: engineer, mathematician, physicist and inventor
Known for: she was awarded the Hughes Medal by the Royal Society for her work on electric arcs and ripple marks in sand and water.

Mary Agnes (1869 - 1963)

2022-06-18 03:25:55 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: botany, botanical illustration
Known for: She published several books, including the First Book of Grasses: The Structure of Grasses Explained for Beginners.

Lise Meitner (1878 - 1968)

2022-06-18 03:29:06 UTC

Nationality: Austrian-Swedish
Fields: Nuclear physics, radioactivity
Known for:

Discovery of protactinium
Discovery of nuclear fission
Auger–Meitner effect
Meitner–Hupfeld effect
Lieben Prize (1925)
Max Planck Medal (1949)
Otto Hahn Prize (1955)
ForMemRS (1955)
Wilhelm Exner Medal (1960)
Enrico Fermi Award (1966)

Emmy Noether (1882 - 1935)

2022-06-18 03:31:19 UTC

Nationality: Germany
Fields: Mathematics and physics
Known for:

Abstract algebra
Theoretical physics
Noether's theorem
Noetherian ring
Lasker–Noether theorem

Edith Clarke (1883 - 1959)

2022-06-18 03:33:39 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: Electrical engineering
Known for:

Clarke transformation
Clarke calculator

Karen Horney (1885 - 1962)

2022-06-18 03:36:27 UTC

Nationality: Germany
Fields: Psychoanalysis
Known for: Her theories questioned some traditional Freudian views. This was particularly true of her theories of sexuality and of the instinct orientation of psychoanalysis. She is credited with founding feminist psychology in response to Freud's theory

Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1890 - 1998)

2022-06-18 03:39:31 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: writer
Known for: Everglades conservation advocacy

Alice Ball (1892 - 1916)

2022-06-18 03:41:43 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: Chemistry
Known for: Treatment of leprosy

Gerty Cori (1896 - 1957)

2022-06-18 03:44:25 UTC

Nationality: Austrian-Hungarian
Fields: Biochemistry
Known for:

Carbohydrate metabolism
The Cori cycle
Identification of Glucose 1-phosphate
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1947)
Garvan–Olin Medal (1948)

Florence Barbara Seibert (1897 - 1991)

2022-06-18 03:47:04 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: Biochemistry
Known for:

Isolating a pure form of tuberculin
Howard Taylor Rickets Prize, Chicago (1924)
Trudeau Medal, National Tuberculosis Association (1938)
Garvan–Olin Medal (1942)
American Association of University Women Achievement Award (1943)

Helen Taussig (1898 - 1986)

2022-06-18 03:49:21 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: Cardiology
Known for:

Founding figure of paediatric cardiology
Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt
Role in banning of thalidomide
E. Mead Johnson Award (1947)
Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award (1954)
Presidential Medal of Freedom(1964)
Elizabeth Blackwell Award (1970)
John Howland Award (1971)

Barbara McClintock (1902 - 1992)

2022-06-18 03:52:29 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: Cytogenetics
Known for:

Work in genetic structure of maize
Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1944)[1]
National Medal of Science (1970)
Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal (1981)
Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (1982)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1983)

Maria Goeppert Mayer (1906 - 1972)

2022-06-18 03:55:03 UTC

Nationality: Germany
Fields: Physics
Known for:

Nuclear shell model
Nobel Prize in Physics (1963)

Fatima Butaeva (1907 - 1992)

2022-06-18 03:59:37 UTC

Nationality: Russia
Fields: Math - Engineering
Known for: She became famous as the co-inventor of the first fluorescent lamps, for which she was awarded the Stalin Prize, Second Degree, in 1951.

Hedy Lamarr (1914 - 2000)

2022-06-18 04:02:28 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: Actress, inventor
Known for:

At the beginning of World War II, she and composer George Antheil developed a radio guidance system for Allied torpedoes that used spread spectrum and frequency hopping technology to defeat the threat of jamming by the Axis powers.
the principles of their work are incorporated into Bluetooth and GPS technology and are similar to methods used in legacy versions of CDMA and Wi-Fi. This work led to their induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2014.

Mamie Phipps Clark (1917 - 1983)

2022-06-18 04:04:41 UTC

Nationality: African-American
Fields: Social psychologist
Known for: Psychology Research supporting 1954 U.S Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

Katherine Johnson (1918 - 1999)

2022-06-18 04:07:24 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: mathematician
Known for:

Calculating trajectories for NASA missions
Presidential Medal of Freedom (2015)
Silver Snoopy award (2016)
NASA Group Achievement Award (2016)
Congressional Gold Medal (2019)

Lin Lanying (1918 - 2003)

2022-06-18 04:11:33 UTC

Nationality: China
Fields: electrical engineer, materials scientist, physicist, and politician
Known for:

First mono-crystalline silicon and gallium arsenide in China
CAS S&T Progress AwardHenry Fok Award

Marie Tharp (1920 - 2006)

2022-06-18 04:15:55 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: Geology, Oceanography
Known for:

Seafloor topography
Discovering of the rift valley along its axis, causing a paradigm shift in earth science that led to acceptance of the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift
1978 - National Geographic Society’s Hubbard Medal
1996 - Society of Woman Geographers Outstanding Achievement Award
1999 - Woods Holes Oceanographic Institution’s Mary Sears Woman Pioneer in Oceanography Award
2001 - Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory Heritage Award

Marthe Gautier (1925 - 2022)

2022-06-18 04:26:37 UTC

Nationality: France
Fields: Pediatric cardiology
Known for:
Role in the discovery of Down syndrome
In 2014, Marthe Gautier received the Legion of Honor, France´s highest decoration. Prof Claudine Hermann from Femmes & Sciences decorated her on 16 september 2014 at Trousseau hospital where Dr Marthe Gautier conducted her research until the discovery of trisomy 21 in 1959.

Annie Easley (1933 - 2011)

2022-06-18 04:29:36 UTC

Nationality: USA
Fields: computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist
Known for: she was one of the first African-Americans to work at NASA. Easley was posthumously inducted into the Glenn Research Hall of Fame in 2015. On February 1, 2021, a crater on the moon was named after Easley by the IAU.

Valentina Tereshkova (b. 1937 - )

2022-06-18 04:39:42 UTC

Nationality: Russia
Fields: Pilot - cosmonaut - politician
Known for:

She is known for being the first and youngest woman in space, having flown a solo mission on the Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963. She orbited the Earth 48 times, spent almost three days in space, and remains the only woman to have been on a solo space mission.
Order of Merit for the Fatherland:
3rd class (6 March 1997)
2nd class (6 March 2007)
1st class (1 March 2017)
Order of Alexander Nevsky (2013)
Order of Honour (10 June 2003)
Order of Friendship (12 April 2011)
Russian Federation State Prize for outstanding achievements in the field of humanitarian action in 2008 (4 June 2009)
Participant of the Military Operation in Syria Medal [ru] (2016)
Strengthening the Military Community Medal [ru] (2018)

Segenet Kelemu (b. 1957 - )

2022-06-18 04:44:15 UTC

Nationality: Ethiopia
Fields: Science - Ecology
Known for:

She was noted for her research as a molecular plant pathologist, and outstanding scientific leadership. For close to three decades, Kelemu and her team's research has contributed to addressing agricultural constraints in Africa, Asia, Latin America and North America.
L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science (2014)
Ellis Island Medal of Honor, 2022
Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry International Fellow, 2019
Woman of the Decade in Natural and Sustainable Ecosystems, 2018
Honorary doctorate by Tel Aviv University, Israel, 2016