Examples:

Instead of hitting when frustrated try teaching a child to ask for a break or use deep breathing.

Instead of screaming for attention try teaching raising a hand or saying, “Can I talk, please?”

Teachability – The behavior must be something the individual can learn and perform.

Reinforcement – The replacement behavior must be rewarded consistently.

Identify the function of the challenging behavior (e.g., escape, attention, access to tangibles, sensory stimulation).

Use ABC (Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence) data tracking.

Function of Behavior

Possible Replacement Behaviors

Escape/Avoidance

Request a break, use a “help” card, self-advocacy phrases (“I need a minute”)

Attention-Seeking Raise hand, tap shoulder, use polite words (“Can I talk?”)

Access to Tangibles

Teach waiting strategies (visual timer), use a “first-then” board, ask appropriately

Sensory Stimulation

Provide sensory alternatives (fidget tool, chewing necklace, movement breaks)

Modeling & Role-Playing: Demonstrate the behavior and practice in controlled settings.

Visual Supports: Use social stories, cue cards, or video modeling.

Prompting & Fading: Gradually reduce prompts as independence increases.

Immediate Reinforcement: Praise, tokens, or preferred rewards when the replacement behavior is used.

Natural Consequences: Ensure the new behavior satisfies the same need (e.g., giving attention when asked appropriately).

Target Behavior: Hitting when frustrated
Replacement Behavior: Using a “break card” or saying, “I need help.”
Instructional Steps:

1. Teach the student to recognize frustration signs (e.g., clenched fists).

2. Introduce and model the break card.

3. Practice in role-play scenarios.

4. Reinforce with praise and preferred activities when used correctly.

Target Behavior: Yelling when wanting a toy
Replacement Behavior: Asking, “Can I have a turn?”

Instructional Steps:

1. Use a scripted phrase and practice during play.

2. Provide visual cues (e.g., a “talk quietly” reminder card).

3. Reinforce with immediate access to the toy when asked appropriately.

Consistency Matters: All team members (teachers, parents, therapists) should reinforce the same behaviors.

Patience & Persistence: Behavior change takes time—celebrate small successes!