https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3 ETHNICS BELIEFS FROM MURUT, IBAN, KADAZAN-DUZUN, BUGINESE, AND SENOI COMMUNITIES en-us 2021-04-24 14:17:36 UTC 2025-10-28 10:47:34 UTC hello@padlet.com http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--n1jBjGijSc/TVdxhEWJsKI/AAAAAAAAAFA/gB7JOBJklPs/s1600/1malaysia+%25281%2529.png 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1454755359 1) Introduction

2) Murut Ethnic
    a) Background
    b) Religious beliefs
    c) Religious ritual  
         (Urung ritual)
    d) Headhunting beliefs
    e) Picture of head 
        hunting activity
    f) Legends
    j) Afterlife beliefs

3) Iban Ethnic
     a) Background
     b) Religious beliefs
     c) Religious rituals
     d) Man tattoo beliefs
     e) Example of Bunga  
          Terung tattoo picture
     f) Woman tattoo beliefs
     g) Legends
     h) Afterlife belief

4) Kadazan-Duzun Ethnic
     a) Background
     b) Religious belief
     c) Religious rituals
     d) Illness rituals
     e) Funeral rituals
     f) Black colour beliefs
     g) Legend
     h) Myth 
     i) Nunuk Ragang picture
     j) Afterlife beliefs

5) Buginese Ethnic
     a) Background
     b) Religious belief
     c) Religious rituals
     d) Origin myth
     e) Political myth
     f) Legends
     g) Taboos
     h) Afterlife beliefs

6) Senoi Ethnic
    a) Background
    b) Religious belief
    c) Religious rituals
    d) Taboos
    e) Senoi mask (mah-
         meri) beliefs
    f) Legends
    g) Afterlife

7) Cultural Mindfullness 
     Reflection

8) References




]]> 2021-04-24 15:12:11 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1454755359 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1454758507 Murut ethnic who is also known as the "hill people" lives in the interior part of Sabah. They are highly acknowledge for their fearless personality in hunting animals and human's heads. (Bedford, 2018)]]> 2021-04-24 15:14:42 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1454758507 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455341003 Back then, Murut ethnic used to have faith in Aki Kaulung or it is better known as their source of existence. They believed that Aki Kaulung created the mountains and the hills in which contain spirits that could bring great influences towards their life. Nowadays, 82% Murut ethnics are christian, 13% Muslim, and 5% from other religions (Abd Hakim, 2014)]]> 2021-04-24 23:52:00 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455341003 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455349305 Urung ritual is held to prevent evil spirit from disturbing the communities when they are doing any activities. This ritual involves using a 25 feet tall tower to place a soft wood carved figurine (Tiningkoulun) that is decorated with two pieces of sarung cloth with a human face. Six pieces of  hanging sarung cloth and two pieces of red and blue colour cloths are placed around Tiningkoulun. Besides that, Murut women's bead handicrafts are placed in the middle of the tower and fish traps: bubuh, net, and hat are placed at the bottom of the tower.  A Murut leader (Ansaa'l) will lead the ritual by performing a prayer and shoot the hanging cloths down. If it suceeds,  they can proceed with the ceremony (Bernama, 2019)]]> 2021-04-25 00:03:32 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455349305 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455365711 Picture source 
(Bedford, 2018)]]> 2021-04-25 00:26:28 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455365711 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455372588 Back then, Murut people are well accustomed with headhunting which is one of their ways to defeat their enemies. Headhunting was considered as spiritual belief as they believe that by slicing the head's off could separate the spirits from the dead body. The opponent's spirit will enter their bodies which helps them to increase their spiritual strength. As time passes by, this tradition is no longer practiced but there is those who still practice this tradition. The highlighted part in the  journal below explains in more detailed about the headhunting activity as being part of Murut's spiritual belief. (Abd Hakim, 2014, p.427)]]> 2021-04-25 00:36:08 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455372588 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455393594 Referring to " The Timugun Murut", (n.d.), Murut ethnic's origin had been connected with the legend of a man who was the sole survivor of a dreadful flood who married his handmade clay woman figurine instead of marrying a horrendous-looking woman covered in ringworm. The details of this legend is further explained in the article below.]]> 2021-04-25 01:04:47 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455393594 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455400922 (Herman, 2009)]]> 2021-04-25 01:14:45 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455400922 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455403302 They believe that when they die, their spirits will rise to the sky to meet Aki Kaulung, then they will proceed with their afterlife. However, before they could meet Aki Kaulung, they will have to pass through an obstacle which is believed to have a shape of a big caterpillar (batol). Explanation about their afterlife belief is explained at the highlighted part in the journal below. (Abd Hakim, 2014, p.427)]]> 2021-04-25 01:18:01 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455403302 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455423144 Picture source
(Gorlinski, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-25 01:47:19 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455423144 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455425265 (AsiaTravelTV, 2010)]]> 2021-04-25 01:50:37 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455425265 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455430548 Nowadays, a large percentage of the Iban communities still believe in Animism (their traditional belief) in which all beings possess a soul. For animism believers, they have faith in dreams and bird augury as they would observe the bird's behaviors before proceed with daily activities: farming, hunting, and trading deals (Iban encyclopedia, 2018). 

Detailed explanations about animistic beliefs towards bird's behaviors are explained in the attached article below. (ILOVEKCH, 2017)]]> 2021-04-25 01:58:26 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455430548 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455437269 Iban religious practitioners, are divided into three kinds which are bards (recite myth),  augurs (rituals for agriculture and travelling), and shaman (healers). Religious ceremonies fall into four categories which consists of agricultural festivals, healing rituals, head hunting related ceremonies, and dead rituals. Details about how the healing rituals works is further elaborated in the attached article below.(Hays, 2008)]]> 2021-04-25 02:08:23 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455437269 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455457211 Iban communities believe that their tattoos acts as protection charms given by spirits (antu) through their dreams. Iban without tattoos are believed to be invisible by gods. Usually the tattoos are combined with humans, animals, and plants images (Nandini, 2019). The type of Iban tattoos and its meanings are further elaborated in the attached article below. ]]> 2021-04-25 02:38:41 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455457211 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455462040 (Harme, 2019)]]> 2021-04-25 02:45:30 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455462040 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455470916 In Iban traditional believes, Iban women's tattoos are connected with weaving ceremonial garments used to put the heads from headhunting trips. Referring to the Vanishing Tattoos documentary, Ibans believe the blood red dye used in weaving expose female weavers into dangerous contact with the spirit world. Iban womens receives scorpion or centipedes form tatoos as a protection from evil spirits (Nandini, 2019).
 
Picture of Iban women traditional tattoo "Traditional Pattern of Borneon", (n.d.)]]> 2021-04-25 02:57:52 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455470916 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455478428 Some Ibans from Sarawak believed that the giant crocodile Bujang Senang was actually a human who was cursed post-mortem to become a crocodile. It is said that Bujang Senang was an Iban warrior and he is called as "Simalungun". Simalungun was a famous  warrior during the headhuntings period. No one could easily defeat him (Badd, 2017). Details about the greatness of this Iban legend is further explained in the article below. ]]> 2021-04-25 03:08:04 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455478428 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455484128 After the death of an Iban person, the dead soul  will cross the "Bridge of Anxiety" towards a world of unimaginable pleasure. After a brief stay, the soul will transform into a spirit which laters on returns to earth in the form of rice-nourishing dew (Hays, 2008)]]> 2021-04-25 03:16:18 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455484128 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455496240 Picture source
(Smart Borneo, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-25 03:33:44 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455496240 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455497513 Kadazan-Dusun is one of several ethnic groups in East Malaysia (Sabah). It covers 28% of the total population in Sabah. (Bedford, 2018)]]> 2021-04-25 03:35:43 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455497513 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455503780 Traditionally, Kadazan-Duzun practised animism and they believed all objects have it's own spirits whom unlike other cultures, the spirits will focus on their own life although it is separated into two which are the good -natured spirits and the evil tendencies spirits. However, majority of Kadazan ethnic nowadays are Christian, some are Muslims, and others still stick to their ancestors' animistic beliefs (Bala.P, n.d.). The highlighted article below explains further about the history of their deities.]]> 2021-04-25 03:45:04 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455503780 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455736003 Incantations, prayers, trances, and animal sacrifices are commonly practised for their rituals. Bobolians or Bobohizans (Kadazan priestesses). Bobolian plays an important role to chase spirits away from newborn babies, acts as healers to cast out any sickness or diseases brought by the evil spirits, and leads the funerals by performing rites to guide the dead spirits up until it reaches Mount Kinabalu which is believes to be the resting place for the deads (Bedford, 2018)

Picture of Kadazan Dusun priests
"Wajah dan Karakter", (n.d.)

]]> 2021-04-25 07:27:32 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455736003 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455775955 Family members will call a medicine-man who is usually a woman to casts spells, explains the necessary taboos to be followed, and provide necessary medicines for the illness the patient is suffering from which consists of inter alia, tail and skin of a python, tail and fat of ant-eater, cockroaches, bees, rats, rattan roots, nibung-palm roots, betelnut roots, langsat, and wild bananas. 

Besides that the medicine-man will also brings a chicken, a pig, and some yellow rice to a large boulder which she believes  to be the living place for evil spirits. 

Spells in the spirit language will be chanted at the boulder and followed by placing yellow rice and freshly slaughtered chicken's and pig's blood in a bamboo stem. The bamboo stem will be placed on the boulder as the final step. 

The medicine-man will return back home without looking back. After half an hour the caressers (dead animals) are brought back to the patient's house and smeared all over the patient's body. "Kadazan Custom", (n.d.).]]> 2021-04-25 07:53:25 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455775955 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455825372 The dead body is washed and dressed in fine clothes and sprinkled with rose-water. The body is kept at the house from three to seven days before burial. Nobody can fall asleep in order to keep an eye  for any devil which is believed to be disguised as a large bird and the bird will fly away with the body. Cloth is hung around the dead body as they believe the bird is afraid of the clothes  as it often mistake the cloth for human beings. 

Only silent and calmness allowed in the house. Gongs or drums may only be beaten three times a day which happens during sun sets, at midnight, and sun rise. 

The deceased body will be wrapped up with cloth and tied to a pole to ease the lifting process until it is successfully buried in the grave. 

Family of the deceased will send food to the grave for seven days since they believe that the deceased's soul has not leave the body. So, food is required by the relatives or family members. 

Higher rank Kadazan deceased body are placed in large burial jars that is firmly closed. Another expensive jar is placed above the grave. 

A feast is held at night three days after the burial. Family members will let fall three drops of candle wax on the floor cracks onto the ground. 

The second feast is repeated on the seventh day after the burial but this time seven candle wax drops is made. 

The third feast is made on the fortieth day during the midday and night. Usually the son of the deceased will invite the deceased  to join the feast. 

The last feast which is much grander is held one hundred year later to mark the change of the deceased's family white mourning clothes and hair cutting. "Kadazan Custom", (n.d.)]]> 2021-04-25 08:21:57 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1455825372 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1456359111 A lot of scholars believe black colour represents power which helps to protect the wearer from evil spirits while others believe black colour suits the lifestyle of the ethnic people. Besides that, the colour reflects the sense of pride of the Kadazandusun communities. (Cosmas, Sombuling, Anderson, Poninting, n.d.)

Picture source
"Beutiful dancers of Kadazan Dusun", (n.d.)]]> 2021-04-25 14:30:48 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1456359111 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457190546 Among the Kadazan ethnic, it is widely believed the people suffer from starvation after the Chief God and his spouse created the world and human beings. The deity and his wife decided to sacrifice their only daughter by cutting her to smaller pieces. All good things to eat grew from different portions of her body such as a coconut grows from her head, her arm-bones became sugar cane, and her fingers help to produce bananas. Most importantly, her blood helps to form the first rice plant. Kadazandusun believe the transfigured sacrifice of the daughter is embodied in the rice spirit which is known as bambarayon. 

According to the religious belief among the Rungus from Kudat district, Bambarayon is a group of rice spirit who live in a country somewhere beyond the sea. One villager reported the Bambarayon lives at the edge of Piromitan (6 layer where god spirits such as Kinoringan and Minamagun reside). The spirits protect the human beings from sickness, death, and other misfortunes. However, only Bambarayon spirit can do this. Rungus people believe rice was first produced by Bambarayon. As an act of gratitude, the Rungus sacrifice fowl and pigs in their honor. If this sacrifice is not made, a poor harvest is anticipated. 

Gumpai Beringgit who belongs to the Tobilung Dusun tells a different legend story regarding the paddy spirit. There once lived seven brothers and each of them had their own land to cultivate paddy. One lady came to each of them during one harvest to seek for a job. All of the brothers except the seventh brother rejected her request since they wanted to save money. The youngest brother could not find the lady when he wanted to checked up on her. To his surprised, the youngest paddy field was more fertile than the other brothers' field. It was then he knew that the old lady was the paddy spirit who came to test the farmers. (Low, K.O, 2012)]]> 2021-04-25 23:40:22 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457190546 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457814738 Referring to their legend, it is believes that the tribe came from one place which is "Nunuk Ragang" which is a fig tree located at the Liwagu and Kogibangan rivers. It is believed that their ancestors swam in the river and climb on the tree branches to have a sun bath. Apart from that, the red sap from Nunuk Ragang roots is believed to  have the ability to cure various diseases. As their number increases, the leaders instructed the followers to move and spread to find their own space and food (Encyclopedia, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 04:36:16 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457814738 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457827742 It was said, spirits leave the body after their death and rest on Mount Kinabalu until they enter the afterlife (Kadazan-Dusun) afterlife. Villagers will positioned the bodies facing Mountain Kinabalu to ensure they arrive quickly at the resting place. Bobohizan (shaman) will perform rituals and sacrifice chickens to welcome the mountain spirits and wait for their arrival. (Bedford, 2018)]]> 2021-04-26 04:43:20 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457827742 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457843126 Picture source.
"Nunuk Ragang Sabah, (n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 04:49:31 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457843126 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457871638 Picture source
(Darlisa, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 05:01:12 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457871638 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457884460 The Bugis comes from the southwest limb of Celebes and they are famous for their adventurism and maritime skill. The Bugis ethnic began to settled in the banks of Kelang and Selangor rivers during the 17th century (Britannica's editors, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 05:07:11 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457884460 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457888666 The Bugis were among the earliest to convert to Buddhism. Later on, most of them converted to Islam during the early 1600s. "Buginese in Malaysia", (n.d.). 

Besides their belief towards Allah, there are many spiritual beings to be respected and as a gratitude, they act as the negotiator between humans and their supreme deities (Encyclopedia, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 05:08:59 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457888666 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457944860 Buginese has two kinds of rituals which are the one performed by bissu (priests) at pricely courts and the other one is held by the famous practitioners called Sanro who are still very active in Bugis country. Sacrifices such as buffalos and goats or chickens are needed for the two rituals. Glutinous rice is offered in two to eight colours.  In addition, these two rituals are performed during certain phases in the rice cycle and community celebrations to obtain welfare or protection especially in case of bad crops, epidemics, and war. (Encyclopedia, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 05:33:21 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457944860 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457982440  Referring to La Galigo (myth) , Sangiang Serri (rice goddess) was the first child to be born on earth to Bataru Guru but she died after seven days. She then transformed into a rice plant after the being buried. (Encyclopedia, n.d)]]> 2021-04-26 05:49:24 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1457982440 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458094793 The early Buginese have faith in a supreme deity called "To Papuana" (the owner of everything) and later on the name changed to Dewata S`euwe (the one God). A male and female being are produced from this deity. The main gods of the upper-world and the underworld with approximately a total of nineteen were born from their sexual union. One of the male entity called as Datu Patoto (the prince who fixes destinies) was labelled as the highest god of all. Their children later came to earth to establish around the area of Sulawesi (Encyclopedia, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 06:30:56 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458094793 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458144956 It is believed that all princes of divine origin had to leave this world to return to heaven after the sixth generation of rulers descended from Batara Guru along with the other God's children. All Bugis is said to be descended from Luwu' couple or from divine princes sent either from Heaven or the Abyss. (Encyclopedia. n.d.) ]]> 2021-04-26 06:47:16 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458144956 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458167167 Many taboos are associated with pregnancy, childbirth, eating, fishing, planting, and opening windows. For example, the whole fish skeleton must be removed before they can eat the other side. Other than that, buttons should be fastened from bottom to top however button should be unfastened from top to bottom as this signifies a proper event ordering. 

Women are not allowed to eat crabs during pregnancy to avoid having an ill-mannered child. ("Buginese in Malaysia", (n.d.)

Prezzi presentation source
(Nidya and Hasan, 2014)]]> 2021-04-26 06:54:23 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458167167 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458190953 The afterworld is describe as a distant island located around the area of western seas. The dead comes to the land and wait until all funeral rituals is completed. They must also take a ritual bath, pay for the entrance fee to the heartland keeper, and cross the golden bridge. As for sinners, they must undergo punishments. In Islamicization among the Buginese nowadays, traditional funerals are replaced with Muslims funerals. (Encyclopedia, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 07:02:59 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458190953 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458206416 Picture source
(Wikiwand, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 07:08:24 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458206416 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458271038 Orang Asli is the earliest population in Peninsular Malaysia. Most of them are believed to come from China and Tibet which followed the migration routes through mainland of Southeast Asia before they set foot in Peninsular Malaysia and Indonesian archipelago. "Orang Asli" is a Malay term with the literal meaning which is "original people". (Tarmiji Masron, Fujimaki Masami, and Norhasimah Ismail, n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 07:30:30 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1458271038 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1459647205 Senoi have faith in gentle spirits and use taboos to control their life. Humans are considered as lonely and vulnerable to any exposure so they make a big effort to avoid from offending the spirits and the heavenly god which could cause thunder and lighting.

Senoi people become adept (good at everything) by having familiars (demon). Familiars appears in their dreams and may get attracted by a a dreamer's body. They believe that familiars can help them to diagnose and cure diseases caused by pain spirits. Women may reject the offer of adopting the familiars since it could be exhausting. However those who reject the familiar could also become adept by becoming a midwives. 

Spirit possessions through trances are common. The Senoi believes that the spirits love fragrances and it often attracted with flowers and fragrant leaves. 

Senoi believes everyone has several souls which also includes the shadow soul that can turn to ghost (Hays, 2015)]]> 2021-04-26 14:11:28 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1459647205 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1459720798 Ceremonies are conducted in darkness as the spirits are timid. Ceremonial areas are decorated with flowers as the spirits love fragrance and beauty. An adept will sing to attract familiars (demons). In addition, spirit possessions and trance occur everywhere. Ceremonies will usually last from two to six nights only for diseases that involves pain spirits or spiritual health loss. (Reference). "Senoi-Religion and Expressive, (n.d.)

The attached link below is just a brief "familiar" description in general
Familiar picture source
(Britannica editors, n.d.)

]]> 2021-04-26 14:24:19 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1459720798 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1461982775 Senoi children are believed to be vulnerable and they need protection by having taboos. However, some parents will drop the taboo if it does not applies to their children. Parents would threaten their children if they misbehave as they believe that attitude will cause thunderstorm. "Senoi-Religion and Expressive", (n.d.)]]> 2021-04-26 23:40:22 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1461982775 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1462019179 Mah Meri's mask carvings are inspired by the Senoi's spiritual beliefs and narural environment and it also display their artistic and abstract imagination. In addition, the carvings are inspired by their myths and legends. Besides that, the masks are used for ritual dancing when worshiping their ancestors' spirits who are believed to have extraordinary powers. "Celebrating Hari Moyang", (2018)

Picture source
(Ryan Alikhsan, 2015)]]> 2021-04-26 23:58:46 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1462019179 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1462342967 Pahlawan Apot or also known as "Big nose tracker" is one of the Senoi's legend. He began his career as a member of the Senoi Praaq in PDRM and later on transferred to the VAT 69. He is considered as among the Indigenous pioneers in the country who fought against communists terrorist. Some of his achievement  are successfully recorded five shot against communist terrorist and had involved in 15 battles. (Friends of PDRM,  2016)

The attached Facebook link below contains a wider description and a picture of the warrior. 

]]> 2021-04-27 01:57:20 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1462342967 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1462354407 Senoi believes that the people's shadow will become ghost when they die. Corpses are buried across the stream from the settlement since ghosts are unable to cross the flowing water. The great adepts are allowed to be afforded a tree burial. They will make music, dance, and dress up during the mourning which lasts a week to a month. A feast to close the grave will be held after the sixth burial day. "Senoi-Religion and Expressive", (n,d.)]]> 2021-04-27 02:01:50 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1462354407 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1462981246 It is an interesting activity to be able to do a detailed research on the cultures that exist in Malaysia. I am certain that there are some of us that do not know in more depth about every culture in Malaysia which includes me as well. Therefore, I made my research on the interesting elements of culture that I would like to explore. I had decided to focus my research on the beliefs of five ethnic in Malaysia which are Murut, Iban, Kadazan-Duzun, Buginese, and Senoi ethnics. I choose "belief" as my focus for this assessment because I find it interesting to have an understanding on the things that the ethnics have faith on as those are the reasons for them to be proud of their ethnic and they keep on preserving the beliefs from the old generations until their new generations. Besides that, I also love to explore on the history parts of their belief such as the legends and myth. I believe that from researching about the ethnics' legend and myth could help me to understand on what contributes to the ethnics ways of life. Besides that, the ethnic that I had choose are Murut, Iban, Kadazan Dusun, Buginese, and Senoi ethnic. I choose the ethnics as I found that there are a lot of sources on the belief element for the chosen ethnics that could guide me throughout my journey to complete this assessment.]]> 2021-04-27 06:35:57 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1462981246 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1464008973 Based on my journey of completing this project, I am delighted to be able to widen my cultural perspectives which includes the minority ethnics beliefs that I had choose which are Murut, Iban, Kadazan-Dusun, Buginese, and Senoi ethnics. I believe that each of us have our own cultures that we want to preserve even though the world has revolves towards modernization. The preservation of our culture will guide the new generations to get an exposure on how the elderly generations used to live and to know the event sequences that happened which contributed to their culture life up until now. In my perspective, most newer generations nowadays would be clueless when it comes to understanding the reason why the minority ethnics behave in such way. For instance, the reason why they still live in the forests or a place surrounded by nature also the reason why they dress up in a different way compared to us. By having this thought, some of us might have a perception that the "Orang Asli" people does not like to socialize with a wider society. However, little that we know that most of their religious beliefs are associated with the nature  such as their fear of the thunder if one of them misbehave. So, this is why some of them still prefer  to live in the forest. Besides that, the minority ethnic which is Iban ethnic have faith in the augury birds' behaviors. They believe that their daily activities outcomes can be predicted  by the birds' behaviors. The above examples that I had mentioned shows why we need to stay positive by not judging them in a negative way since they were brought up in different surroundings compared to us. In conclusion, every ethnic communities should play their roles in preserving their cultures and never turn a blind eye to learn and understand about other ethnic's culture as it could contribute to the Malaysian society harmony. ]]> 2021-04-27 12:42:08 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1464008973 2021373307 https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1464010198 The attached word document below is my list of references. ]]> 2021-04-27 12:42:26 UTC https://padlet.com/2021373307/75kg0qkqv8fg0oi3/wish/1464010198