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      <title>Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Word Wall by </title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq</link>
      <description>By Jake McAllister</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2018-03-22 12:49:04 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2024-11-01 05:56:10 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>Exclusionary Rule</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244957987</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A law that prohibits the use of evidence in court if it's obtained by illegal means.<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-22 12:50:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244957987</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Establishment Clause</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244962457</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Found in the First Amendment and states that the U.S. Government can't establish a national religion/head it, or prohibit the exercise of certain religions in the U.S. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-22 12:59:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244962457</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Due Process</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244964547</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Fair treatment in court and through the justice system. Includes the right to a speedy trial by jury, a lawyer appointed to you, etc.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-22 13:03:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244964547</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Double Jepardy</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244967144</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>You cannot be charged with the same crime twice in a U.S. court of law.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-22 13:09:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244967144</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Speech Plus</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244969404</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The communication of ideas through the combination language and action.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-22 13:13:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/244969404</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Suspect Classifications</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245417585</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A group of people that have been historically subject to discrimination. Any law that shows a distinction in race or heritage and causes inequality will be reviewed by the Supreme Court</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-23 12:29:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245417585</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>De Jure Segregation</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245419875</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Segregation enforced by law. Pretty much Jim Crow.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-23 12:35:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245419875</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Probable Cause </title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245421081</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Having reasonable grounds to search somewhere, shoot someone, etc. In Fourth Amendment.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-23 12:38:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245421081</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Bakke Case (California vs. Bakke)</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245422037</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Established that Affirmative Action is Constitutional in applying for colleges, but colleges couldn't meet racial quotas.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-23 12:41:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245422037</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Symbolic Speech</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245427639</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Something done purely by action to convey a belief/protest.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-23 12:53:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245427639</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Incorporation Doctorine</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245431249</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Taking the Bill of Rights and applying them on a state level through the 14th Amendment.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-23 13:00:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245431249</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Engle vs. Vitale</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245744121</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Supreme Court decision making it that makes it unconstitutional for state officials to compose a school prayer and encourage it said in public schools (Violates Establishment Clause).</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 16:30:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245744121</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Brown vs. Board of Education</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245744548</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Supreme Court rules that state laws separating public schools into whites only or black only is unconstitutional (Little Rock 9).</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 16:35:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245744548</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Miranda vs. Arizona </title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245745379</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Court decision made it so that you have to be read your rights when you're arrested or else all evidence gained from you can't be used in court.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 16:43:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245745379</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Equal Protection Clause</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245745776</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Located in the 14th Amendment, this sa that no state can deny a citizen of that state equal protection under the law.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 16:47:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245745776</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mapp vs. Ohio</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245746402</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained in an illegal search and seizure of a place/gathering evidence  can't be used in any court and violates the 4th Amendment.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 16:54:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245746402</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Literacy Tests</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245746706</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Tests used to deny African Americans the right to vote in the South (Jim Crow), as well as poll taxes, property restrictions , and intimidation.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 16:57:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245746706</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Affirmative Action</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245747088</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mostly used in universities, this gives minority individuals a greater chance at getting into colleges than majority individuals.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 17:02:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245747088</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jim Crow</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245747727</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>State and Local laws that work to discriminate against blacks (Blacks sit in the back of the bus, separate waiting rooms, etc.).</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 17:06:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245747727</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Civil Rights Act of 1964</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245753062</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Act passed that that outlaws discrimination based on race, gender, color, religion, or national origin in the work place or in the country in general.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:02:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245753062</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Roe vs. Wade</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245753477</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Supreme Court decision that made it legal for all woman in America to have an abortion.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:06:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245753477</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Dred Scott</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245753892</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Dred Scott was a slave that sued his master in court when his master brought him to Illinois, which was a free state. Supreme Court ruled that Scott couldn't sue because he wasn't an American citizen due to his race, and that the Federal Govt. had no power to regulate slavery in U.S. territories.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:10:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245753892</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Plessy vs. Ferguson</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245754416</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>U.S. Supreme court ruled that segregation was legal, on the grounds that facilities were "Separate but Equal", helping affirm the constitutionality of racial laws.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:16:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245754416</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Gideon vs. Wainright</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245754812</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Supreme Court ruled that every defendant in a court room has a right to an attorney, regardless of the crime they have committed. In 6th Amendment.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/275297914/3554e9c7498c45b8d9922b2545747086/Gideon_vs.wainright" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:21:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245754812</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rational Basis Test</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245755396</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A test issued to determined the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance. In order to pass, the statute or law must be rationally related to a legitimate govt interest.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:27:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245755396</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Free Exercise Clause </title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245755872</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Located in First Amendment. Govt. can't interfere with the free exercise of religion or persecute certain religious groups or target them.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:32:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245755872</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Prior Restraint </title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245756195</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Restriction that prohibits speech or other protection before it can take place. It's very unconstitutional and the first amendment says no to it.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:36:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245756195</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Lemon vs. Kurtzman</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245756633</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Supreme Court made it unconstitutional for Public Schools to reimburse salaries of teachers teaching at private, mostly catholic schools in violation of the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment, because Public Schools is Govt run, while the private is not and catholic (Govt. can't endorse/help a specific religion).</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:42:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245756633</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1st Amendment</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245757232</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances (Has both the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause).</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:49:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245757232</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>2nd Amendment </title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245757434</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:52:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245757434</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>4th Amendment</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245757584</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized&nbsp;<br><br>(Police need a warrant to enter house, search with probable cause)&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:54:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245757584</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>De Facto Segregation</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245757961</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Segregation that happens by a congregation of a certain race or color just living in a certain area, and another race or color living in another area, with no laws making it that that's where you're supposed to live, but you just do (Societal Racism).</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 18:58:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245757961</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>5th Amendment</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245758471</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Guarantees the right to a grand jury, forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self-incrimination, due process, right to remain silent,eminent domain with "just compensation".</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:04:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245758471</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Korematsu vs. U.S. </title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245759062</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Korematsu sued the U.S. Govt for rounding up people of Japanese ancestry and placing them in internment camps. The Supreme Court sided with the govt, saying that this was legal because the need to protect against espionage outweighed his rights, and that this exclusion was alright because it fell under "emergency and peril" clause.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:11:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245759062</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>6th Amendment</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245759580</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Guarantees the defendant a public trial without unreasonable delay, right to a lawyer, right to an impartial jury, right to know who your accusers are and what charges you have against you. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:17:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245759580</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Seditious Speech</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245760081</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Speech directed with the intent to overthrow the Govt. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/275297914/633b8fdba01b995d7bec2967a921a972/Seditious_speech" />
         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:23:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245760081</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>7th Amendment</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245760314</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Guarantees a jury trial for civil cases in the federal courts. Normally not heard of anymore in the federal court system. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:25:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245760314</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>8th Amendment</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245760684</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted (Self Explanatory).</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:30:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245760684</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>14th Amendment</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245760845</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Any person born on U.S. soil is a citizen, forbade states to deny anyone with "life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law", or deny any person "equal protection of the laws" in states.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:32:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245760845</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Slander/Libel</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245761338</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Written and spoken lying about someone's character  or career that will cause firings, loss of friends.associate, etc. (Libel: Written, Slander: Spoken).</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:39:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245761338</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Defamatory Speech</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245761591</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Lying about someone's career/character (Slander and Libel are the ways to do it).</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:43:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245761591</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Nazis vs. Skokie</title>
         <author>18jmcallister1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245761821</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Supreme Court of Illinois upheld the right for Nazis to march in a predominantly Jewish town displaying the Swastika, due to it being symbolic speech and not meeting the standard of "fighting words".</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2018-03-24 19:47:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/18jmcallister1/753905dc60kq/wish/245761821</guid>
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