Hypothesis: 

I hypothesize that, the higher the suspended wooden block is let go from, the further the ball will travel. This is because when the mass is let go higher, there is more distance in between it and the ball for gravity to pull for a longer period of time, which makes the wooden block accelerate as much as possible, and therefore hitting the ball with the strongest possible force, exerting the amount of kinetic energy the mass generated by being let go as high as possible on the ball, which makes the ball travel as far as possible. 
 

Variables: 

Independent Variable: 

Height the which the suspended wooden block is let go from 

Dependant Variable: 

Measuring the distance the ball travels when hit by a wooden block 

Controlled Variables: 

-        Surface on which the ball is propelled on (Forum surface) - Polyurethane 

-        Type/Brand of tennis ball 

-        Size of tennis ball 

-        Size/Weight/Mass of wooden block 

-        Type of wood 

-        No force is being exerted from the hand to the wooden block 

-        Same person letting go 

-        Distance from the ground in which the mass hits the ball 

-        Length of string 

-        Type of string 

I hypothesize that if there is a lower amount of force that is used to drag the shoe and if the surface area is harder, bumpier and more sticky that means there is lots of friction between the shoe and the surface area. It also means that there will be more newtons pulled back and it would take the shoe longer to drag across. I basically think that if there is more force pulled back depending on the surface area, the friction is larger. If there is less force then that means that there is less friction. This is because more force is needed when the surface area is bumpy and rough as that creates more friction between the shoe and surface. 

Independent Variable:
Surface are of where the shoe is being dragged across
Dependent Variable:
 The friction that is caused by the different types of surface areas and the shoe itself 
time taken for the shoe to drag across different surface areas from a fixed distance
Controlled Variable:
The shoe, the newton meter(N)

Background:
A force is a physical action. When objects have forces acting on them they may begin to move, speed up, slow down or stop moving, change direction of motion, change shape and remain still. If you want to see force work you must measure it. If you want to measure force you should use a spring balance/newton meter. The unit to measure these forces is called Newtons. Forces always involves two objects. The importance of forces is really strong. We need force in our everyday life. This experiment relates to reality because in reality if you have your trainers on and you are having a race against someone you need to know the difference between the different types of surfaces in order to see which surface is the best one to grip on, make you run faster and basically which one creates more friction. Lets say in our everyday life we walk on different types of surface areas and if you walk or run on those different types of surface areas you will realise the difference between those surfaces. If you are attending a race and the surface is
 

  When I was little I would jump in the pool and see how far I could get to reaching the bottom, my brother could easily get to the bottom without even swimming just jumping in. this is because he has more mass and is bigger than me. I have less mass and I am smaller than him.

 | i) State one independent variable which you are changing:
The mass (g)
ii)  State one dependent variable which you are measuring or observing:
How fast the mass takes to travel to the bottom of the pool.

iii) List the control variables which you must keep the same:
The pool length from bottom to top the height from which it will be dropped from

MANIPULATING VARIABLES

 | ·        List the values and unit of the independent variable you will use I will use:
 The 10g, 50g, 100g and the 150g masses ·

  List the values and unit of each control variable you will use:
 The pool length from bottom to top The height from which the mass will be dropped at. ·
 State how the dependent variable will be measured with units:
It will be measured using seconds ·  State the number of trials to be completed:
 To get an accurate answer I will do 3 trials. 

Dependent:  I am going to measure the length of how far the balloon will travel.

Controlled: The same bottle, The same balloon, The same length of string.

 Describe what your key variables are and how they are manipulated
i)State one independent variable which you are changing:
I am changing the material of the ground so I am not on the same ground all the time
ii)  State one dependent variable which you are measuring or observing:
The variable that I am measuring is the amount of force whilst dragging the block for 30 cm on different ground materials
iii) List the control variables which you must keep the same:
The distance the block is pulled which is 30 cm
  What type and material of block I am using

Manipulating Variables 

 | ·  List the values and unit of the independent variable you will use The material of the ground. ·         List the values and unit of each control variable you will use The distance the block is pulled and the type and material of the block that is used. ·         State how the dependent variable will be measured, with units The force will be measured in Newtons. ·         State the number of trials to be completed I will be doing three trials and an average. ·         Show how you will do any necessary calculations I will

 

The surface area of the parachute 

Dependent Variable
 

 which you are measuring or observing: time taken (S) 

 | Controlled Variable
  the weight on the parachute
 The thickness of the parachute
  The material of the parachute  
  Height Dropped
  Shape of parachute

Same type of balloon 

Independent Variable
I will be changing the circumference of the balloon, measuring in centimeters.

Dependent Variable
I will be measuring the amount of force taken to pull different sized balloons through water using a newton-meter (Newtons)

Method 

- Parachute surface area (6x6 8x8 10x10)

Dependent variables:

- Descending time (Seconds)

Controlled:

- Descend height (1m)

- Item weight (100 grams)

- Parachute material (paper)

- Parachute Structure (pins distance apart, strings distance etc)

Dependent: Measuring the distance of which the tennis ball rolls 

Controlled: The same surface (forum, Polyurethane), same tennis ball, Height which the suspended wooden block is released from, size of wooden block, distance from the ground in which the block hits the ball and same equipment. 

2) i) independent variable: Amount of playdoh used ii) dependent variable: time taken for playdoh to drop iii) control variables: height from which the playdoh drops. The same shape. Same playdoh. 

HYPOTHESIS
I hypothesize, that the heavier the mass, then the faster it will travel to the bottom of the pool. But the lighter the mass the longer it will take to travel to the bottom of the pool
BACKGROUND
 

  When I was little I would jump in the pool and see how far I could get to reaching the bottom, my brother could easily get to the bottom without even swimming just jumping in. this is because he has more mass and is bigger than me. I have less mass and I am smaller than him.

 | i) State one independent variable which you are changing:
The mass (g)
ii)  State one dependent variable which you are measuring or observing:
How fast the mass takes to travel to the bottom of the pool.

iii) List the control variables which you must keep the same:
The pool length from bottom to top the height from which it will be dropped from

MANIPULATING VARIABLES

 | ·        List the values and unit of the independent variable you will use I will use:
 The 10g, 50g, 100g and the 150g masses ·

  List the values and unit of each control variable you will use:
 The pool length from bottom to top The height from which the mass will be dropped at. ·
 State how the dependent variable will be measured with units:
It will be measured using seconds ·  State the number of trials to be completed:
 To get an accurate answer I will do 3 trials. 

 | i) My Independent variable is going to be how many balloons I am using. 
ii) My dependent variable is going to be the distance travelled by the trolley. 
iii) My control variables are going to be: The same trolley, the same surface, the same mass in trolley.

The topic of this experiment is forces. Forces are ideas that cannot be seen, yet are all around us, and without them, nothing would move, cars wouldn’t stop if they were moving, we wouldn’t be alive as the earth wouldn’t be revolving around the sun. This is why forces are so important to our everyday life. 

Transport has been made much easier, with vehicles designed to cut through the air without much resistance, in other words, these cars and buses have been made more aerodynamic. Forces can be either contact forces or non-contact forces. Pushing someone is a contact force, because you are physically touching and making that person move. The force you exert is transferred to another object/person which makes that object/person move. Gravity is another example. Gravity is a non-contact force, which is a force that doesn’t actually touch you were you see it, but it touches you invisibly. That is why we are still standing on the earth. Gravity pulls us down, and if there was no gravity, we would fall of the earth. Of course, gravity or earth’s pull on us gets weaker and weaker as you travel further from the earth’s atmosphere. Forces can make us begin to move, speed up or slow down, stop moving altogether, keep the object still, change the object’s shape, and also change the direction the object is moving. 

My experiment is to try and see how far a tennis ball goes depending on the height the suspended wooden block that hits it is let go from. The background to this experiment, or where we might utilise this experiment’s results in real life would be, for example, hitting a table tennis or tennis racquet against the ball to make it move over the net. These results would help the player understand at what height should he swing the racquet from to get the ball further into the opponents court of nearer to the net. Because I hypothesize that the higher the suspended wooden block is released from, the further the ball will go, this shows that, if I am correct in my reasoning, that, if the player wants to get the ball very far over, he should swing the racquet from a higher point in the air.

HYPOTHESIS:

I hypothesis that the brand of shoe that has the most rubber and grooves will have the most friction. I think this because the grooves have add a better grip when walking. Heavier shoes will also have more friction than light shoes as it is harder to push/pull heavier objects as they have more friction.

VARIABLES:

 | The variable I’m changing is : the brand of shoe.

The variable I’m measuring/observing is: the amount of force used to drag a shoe across 30cm

My controlled variables are:
>  The distance the shoe is pulled 
>  Surface the shoe is pulled on 
>  Size of shoe
>  State of shoe 

Surface area of the parachute. (Cm (5x5, 10x10, 15x15, 20x20, 25x25))

ii) State one dependent variable which you are measuring or observing:

Time taken to fall. (Seconds)

iii) List the control variables which you must keep the same:

Weight of the payload you are dropping. (Grams)

Parachute material. (Plastic)

Thickness of the parachute. (Keep the same by using same bag)
Height from droppedf. (4m)

The surface area of the parachute 

Dependent Variable
 

 which you are measuring or observing: time taken (S) 

 | Controlled Variable
  the weight on the parachute
 The thickness of the parachute
  The material of the parachute  
  Height Dropped
  Shape of parachute

I hypothesis that, the larger the parachute becomes, the more air resistance effects. This is because the air particles become trapped inside the parachute when descending. Which will increases drag, and if strong enough, it will create an unbalanced force. Therefore, the time descending will greatly decrease compared to smaller surface areas. 

Independent variables:

- Parachute surface area (6x6 8x8 10x10)

Dependent variables:

- Descending time (Seconds)

Controlled:

- Descend height (1m)

- Item weight (100 grams)

- Parachute material (paper)

- Parachute Structure (pins distance apart, strings distance etc)