COURSE: HUMAN SCIENCE

FROM: SG BULOH, SELANGOR

TIKTOK: wish._____

INSTA: dwish._

HOPE: I hope that I can learn something new and interesting from all my usrah members <3

Verse:

“Recite what has been revealed to you of the Book and establish prayer. Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing. And the remembrance of Allah is greater. And Allah knows that which you do.”

(Qur’an 29:45)

Ḥikmah (Wisdom):

Moral discipline: Salah helps restrain a person from fahshā’ (immorality) and munkar (wrongdoing).

Spiritual purification: Constant remembrance (dhikr) of Allah elevates the soul.

Connection with divine guidance: Recitation of the Qur'an and prayer keeps believers connected to revelation.

2. Ṣawm (Fasting) – Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183)

Verse:

“O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous (taqwā).”

(Qur’an 2:183)

Ḥikmah (Wisdom):

Taqwā (God-consciousness): Fasting fosters self-restraint, leading to increased awareness and fear of Allah.

Empathy and gratitude: Experiencing hunger develops empathy for the poor and gratitude for blessings.

Discipline: Builds patience and control over desires.

3. Zakāh (Charity) – Surah Al-Tawbah (9:103)

Verse:

“Take, [O Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke [Allah’s blessings] upon them. Indeed, your invocations are reassurance for them. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.”

(Qur’an 9:103)

Ḥikmah (Wisdom):

Purification: Zakāh purifies both wealth and the soul of greed and materialism.

Social justice: It redistributes wealth to support the poor, promoting equity and compassion.

Spiritual growth: Giving in charity softens the heart and earns Allah’s blessings and increase in barakah.

4. Ḥajj (Pilgrimage) – Surah Al-Baqarah (2:197)

Verse:

“Ḥajj is [during] well-known months, so whoever has made ḥajj obligatory upon himself therein [by entering the state of iḥrām], there is [to be for him] no sexual relations and no disobedience and no disputing during ḥajj. And whatever good you do – Allah knows it. And take provisions, but indeed, the best provision is taqwā. So fear Me, O you of understanding.”

(Qur’an 2:197)

Ḥikmah (Wisdom):

Self-control: Pilgrims must abstain from acts that are normally permissible (like intimacy and argument), promoting discipline.

Taqwā: The central wisdom of ḥajj is cultivating God-consciousness.

Unity and humility: Pilgrims dress uniformly, stripping away social status, and gather as equals before Allah.

Remembrance and reflection: Ḥajj provides a deep spiritual experience that strengthens connection with Allah.

1. Taharah (Purification): Wudu’ and Tayammum

Purpose: Physical and spiritual cleanliness before standing before Allah.

Wudu’ (Ablution):

Performed with clean water and includes:

• Niyyah (intention)

• Washing face

• Washing arms up to elbows

• Wiping over the head

• Washing feet up to ankles

• Must be done in order and continuously (no long pauses).

• Nullifiers of Wudu’: Urination, defecation, deep sleep, loss of consciousness, etc.

Tayammum (Dry Ablution):

• Permitted when water is unavailable or harmful to use.

• Strike clean earth with hands

• Wipe face

• Wipe hands up to the wrists

2. Conditions for the Acceptance (Sihhah) of Salah

For Salah to be valid, the following conditions must be met before and during the prayer:

a. Islam: Only valid for Muslims.

b. Sanity and Maturity: Must be of sound mind and reached age of discernment.

c. Intention (Niyyah): Formed in the heart before Salah.

d. Cleanliness: Of body, clothes, and place of prayer.

e. Covering ‘Awrah:

Men: Navel to knees (including shoulders preferably)

Women: Entire body except face and hands

f. Facing the Qiblah: Required unless unable (e.g., illness, danger).

g. Time of Salah: Salah must be performed within its appointed time.

3. Arkan (Pillars) of Salah

These are essential components; missing one invalidates the Salah:

1. Niyyah (Intention)

2. Takbiratul Ihram (“Allahu Akbar” to begin)

3. Standing (Qiyam) – if able

4. Reciting Al-Fatihah – in every rak‘ah

5. Rukū‘ (Bowing)

6. I‘tidal (Rising from Rukū‘)

7. Sujūd (Prostration) – twice in each rak‘ah

8. Jalsah (Sitting between Sujūd)

9. Tranquility in each position

10. Final Tashahhud

11. Sitting for Tashahhud

12. Sending Salawat on Prophet ﷺ

13. Tasleem (Salutation to end prayer)

14. Following the proper order

4. Application of Salah Based on Situations

A. Qasr (Shortened Prayer)

When traveling (approx. 80+ km), shorten 4-rak‘ah prayers to 2 (Dhuhr, Asr, Isha).

Maghrib and Fajr remain unchanged.

Must not be intending to stay more than 4 days at destination.

B. Jama’ (Combining Prayers)

Allowed during travel, illness, rain, hardship.

Types:

Jama’ Taqdim: Combining Dhuhr + Asr or Maghrib + Isha at the time of the first.

Jama’ Ta’khir: Combining them at the time of the second.

C. Nawafil (Voluntary Prayers)

Before/after obligatory Salah (Rawatib)

Tahajjud (night prayer)

Duha (mid-morning)

Istikharah (seeking guidance)

Witr (after Isha)

D. Salah During Illness

Standing is mandatory if one can.

If unable:

Sit and pray.

If not possible, lie down and use gestures.

Eyes or head may be used for Rukū‘ and Sujūd.

Khushu’ is maintained through mindfulness and sincere effort.

Maintaining Khushu’

• Reflect on meanings of what you recite.

• Pray as if it’s your last prayer.

• Avoid distractions (phones, noise, hunger).

• Make Dua before and after Salah.

• Dress respectfully; clean, presentable clothing increases mindfulness.

• Take your time—don’t rush.

• Remember you're in front of Allah—focus on that moment.

Khushu’ in Salah isn’t just about posture or words but it's a deep internal state that fosters profound virtues and character refinement. Below are five key virtues developed and strengthened through focused and humble prayer:

1. Al-Ta’ah (الطاعة) – Submission and Loyalty to Allah

Meaning:

• Willing obedience and complete surrender to Allah's commands.

How it's reflected in Salah:

• Responding to Allah’s call: “Hayya ‘ala al-salah” (Come to prayer).

• Regular performance of Salah at its fixed times—demonstrates discipline and loyalty.

• Every movement (standing, bowing, prostrating) signifies obedience.

Spiritual Impact:

• Builds a mindset of servitude (‘ubudiyyah), reinforcing that Allah is the ultimate authority over one's life.

2. Al-Jihad (الجهاد) – Struggle in the Path of Allah

Meaning:

• Striving against the self (nafs) and resisting distractions for the sake of Allah.

How it's reflected in Salah:

• Fighting off laziness, delaying tactics, and whispers of Shaytan (waswas).

• Maintaining presence of heart and mind during Salah, especially during hardship, tiredness, or distractions.

• Waking for Fajr, standing in Qiyam al-Layl, and observing consistency are all forms of internal jihad.

Spiritual Impact:

• Salah with khushu’ trains the soul to resist its lower desires and commit to righteousness even when it’s difficult.

3. Muhasabah (المحاسبة) – Self-Reflection and Accountability

Meaning:

• Evaluating one’s actions and intentions in light of Allah’s guidance.

How it's reflected in Salah:

• Reciting Surah Al-Fatihah: “Guide us to the Straight Path” – a plea for guidance.

• Sujūd (prostration) is a moment of personal closeness and introspection.

• After Salah, one reflects: “Did I pray sincerely? Was my heart present?”

Spiritual Impact:

• Develops a habit of daily self-examination and repentance, improving character and sincerity.

4. ‘Iffah (العفة) – Modesty and Self-Restraint from Sinful Behavior

Meaning:

• Guarding oneself from immoral behavior and desires.

How it's reflected in Salah:

• Salah acts as a shield: “Verily, the prayer prevents from lewdness and evil deeds.” (Qur’an 29:45)

• The physical modesty of prayer (covered ‘awrah, humility in posture) cultivates moral modesty.

• Repeated submission reminds the worshiper to act in line with Allah’s pleasure outside Salah too.

Spiritual Impact:

• Strengthens willpower and purity, making it easier to resist temptations and bad habits.

5. Tawaddu’ (التواضع) – Humility and Humbleness

Meaning:

• Recognizing one's weakness and dependence on Allah.

How it's reflected in Salah:

• Sujūd is the ultimate act of humility: placing the highest part of the body (the face) on the lowest part of the earth.

• The words of Salah emphasize Allah's greatness and the servant’s lowliness.

• Even the most powerful or wealthy person bows the same way as the poorest servant.

Spiritual Impact:

• Eliminates arrogance and fosters empathy, respect, and sincerity in interactions with others.

1. Sabr (الصبر) – Patience and Forbearance

Meaning:

• The ability to endure hardship, resist desires, and remain steadfast in obedience.

How Fasting Develops Sabr:

• Resisting food, drink, and desires from dawn until sunset.

• Enduring hunger, thirst, fatigue, and irritability with calmness.

Withholding anger and harmful speech, even when provoked (Prophet ﷺ said:

• “If someone insults you while fasting, say: I am fasting.” – Bukhari & Muslim)

Spiritual Impact:

• Builds resilience against life’s trials and tests.

• Trains the believer to control their impulses and respond with patience in daily life.

• Allah says: “Indeed, the patient will be given their reward without measure.” (Qur’an 39:10)

2. Takrim (التكريم) – Respect and Deference

Meaning:

• Honoring others, observing boundaries, and showing dignity in behavior.

How Fasting Cultivates Takrim:

• Observing respectful behavior towards others during the fast.

• Being mindful not to offend, argue, or act harshly.

• Respecting the sacredness of Ramadan, the time, the self, and fellow Muslims.

• Breaking the fast in a dignified, thoughtful manner, often shared communally.

Spiritual Impact:

• Fosters a respectful and peaceful environment.

• Encourages believers to uphold etiquette and honor in all interactions.

• Develops a deep sense of reverence for Allah’s laws and blessings.

3. Rahmah (الرحمة) – Friendliness and Compassion

Meaning:

• Kindness, empathy, and care for others.

How Fasting Instills Rahmah:

• Experiencing hunger increases empathy toward the poor and needy.

• Motivates acts of charity, feeding others, and visiting family.

• Encourages unity and friendliness, especially during iftar and communal worship.

Spiritual Impact:

• Softens the heart and deepens concern for others’ well-being.

• Strengthens the bond of brotherhood and sisterhood in the ummah.

• Emulates the prophetic character: “He was a mercy to the worlds.” (Qur’an 21:107)

Zakah (الزكاة):

• One of the five pillars of Islam.

• A compulsory act of worship: giving a fixed portion (usually 2.5%) of one's qualifying wealth to the eligible poor and needy once annually.

• Purpose: Purifies wealth, promotes economic justice, and supports societal welfare.

Sadaqah (الصدقة):

• Voluntary charity given at any time and in any amount.

• Can include money, food, clothing, a kind word, a smile, or any beneficial act.

• Not limited to wealth—any act of goodness can be sadaqah.

2. Tawakkul (التوكل) – Reliance on Allah

How Zakah and Sadaqah develop Tawakkul:

• Giving away wealth requires trust that Allah will replenish and bless what is left.

• Believers learn to detach from materialism and rely on Allah for provision.

The Prophet ﷺ said:

• “Charity does not decrease wealth...” (Muslim)

Spiritual Impact:

• Strengthens faith in Allah’s sustenance.

• Teaches that true security comes from Allah—not hoarded wealth.

3. Ukhuwwah (الأخوّة) – Brotherhood and Solidarity

How Charity Cultivates Brotherhood:

• Helps eliminate jealousy and resentment between the wealthy and the poor.

• Creates love, mutual care, and social cohesion.

• Encourages empathy and support among all members of the ummah.

Spiritual Impact:

• Unites the community through compassion and shared responsibility.

• Reflects the prophetic model of a society rooted in mercy and cooperation.

4. Differences between Zakah and Sadaqah

🌙 Zakah

• An obligatory act of worship and a pillar of Islam.

• Given once a year if a person’s wealth exceeds the nisab (minimum threshold).

• The amount is fixed (usually 2.5% of savings, gold, or business assets).

• Must be given to eight specific categories of people (as mentioned in Surah At-Tawbah 9:60), such as:

• The poor

• The needy

• Those in debt

• Those working to collect Zakah, etc.

• Only eligible wealth types are considered (e.g., cash, gold, silver, trade goods).

• Not optional—neglecting Zakah is a major sin in Islam.

• Purpose: To purify wealth, reduce poverty, and ensure social justice.

  
  

💖 Sadaqah

• A voluntary charity—not compulsory.

• Can be given anytime, in any amount.

• No fixed percentage—even a small act can be Sadaqah.

• Can be given to anyone in need, not limited to specific categories.

• Not limited to wealth—a smile, a good word, or helping someone is also Sadaqah.

• Encouraged frequently in Islam to earn rewards and draw closer to Allah.

• Purpose: To show kindness, express generosity, and gain spiritual reward.

Hajj and Umrah are sacred journeys of worship that purify the heart, renew the soul, and strengthen the believer’s relationship with Allah. These acts of pilgrimage embody deep virtues, especially:

1. Al-Tadhiyyah (التضحية) – Sacrifice

Meaning:

• Willingly giving up comfort, wealth, time, and desires for the sake of Allah.

How Hajj and Umrah Cultivate Sacrifice:

• Pilgrims leave their homes, families, and routines to fulfill Allah’s command.

• They endure physical exhaustion, crowds, heat, and discomfort with patience.

• Spending wealth on travel, lodging, and rituals like the animal sacrifice (udhiyah) during Hajj reflects a deep commitment to Allah.

• Following the footsteps of Prophet Ibrahim عليه السلام, who was ready to sacrifice everything for Allah’s pleasure.

Spiritual Impact:

• Strengthens devotion and willingness to give up anything for Allah.

• Purifies the soul by removing attachment to worldly comforts.

• Teaches humility and the spirit of surrender.

2. Taqwa (التقوى) – God-Consciousness

Meaning:

• Being constantly aware of Allah, leading to righteousness, obedience, and avoidance of sin.

How Hajj and Umrah Build Taqwa:

• The entire pilgrimage revolves around sincere worship, remembrance of Allah, and repentance.

• Wearing the ihram reminds pilgrims of equality before Allah and life after death.

• Every action—from tawaf (circling the Ka'bah) to standing in Arafah—is a reminder of Allah's greatness and the Day of Judgment.

• Pilgrims must refrain from sinful speech, arguments, and immoral behavior throughout the journey.

> Allah says:

• “And take provisions, but the best provision is Taqwa.”

  — Surah Al-Baqarah (2:197)

Spiritual Impact:

• Increases awareness of Allah in all aspects of life.

• Helps maintain sincerity, purity, and righteousness even after returning home.

• Fosters a deep sense of accountability and love for Allah.