-To be discriminated against from a cultural or ethnic standpoint.

-connotes discrimination

In Sociology...

Minorities are due to a lack of power, not necessarily the amount of people in a group

5 Characteristics:

1. unequal treatment/lack of power

2. distinguishing physical traits

3. involuntary membership of a group (ascribed)

4. awareness of subordination

5. high rate of in-group marriage

Scapegoat theory:

dominant group will place their unfocused aggression on Subordinate groups. ie. Hitler, immigrants coming to America...

-students in special education classes (CatA and B)

-students in general

-race in faculty

-queer youth

-academics (college bound/higher level classes)

-social class (free and reduced lunch)

Fairfax County:

-social class

-student and staff in special education

-teachers education (benchmark programs)

Virginia:

-rural communities (further from schools)

-social class

-occupation

United States:

-Lack of race and gender in power

-minors

-people of color

this has changed since then...

-race is more socially constructed today

-not biologically identifiable

-a system of labeling that provides a source of identity

• more of an umbrella term

-can be based on a socioeconomic status in some areas of the world (Brazil)

-Based off of physical appearance in America

Example:

Barack Obama can be seen as black... his father was black and his mother was white. He was mostly raised by his mother in a white-dominant area. He is technically biracial.

Knowing someones skin color does not determine anything about their own person.

-practices, values, and beliefs of a group

-an identification method (like race... sort of)

Examples of categorization...

Nationality

Language

Religion

You cannot tell what ethnicity people have by just looking at them.

Some people who share ethnicity do not always show the same racial profile.

Openly embraces racism as a whole (either in groups or individuals)

They assume certain traits are given to the "minority" through genetics

-Neo Nazi

-Trump

-Racial Slurs

-Racist jokes

Most do not intend to have these racist ideas

1.There was an implicit bias test done at FCPS schools

3. In the legal system mugshots are used 45% more in a African American persons case while white people are only 8%.

Power imbalance

As an example...

There are statistics that show that more black people are pulled over than more white people in random car checks.

This is by the Police.

When a white person is missing, they are on the news and media a lot more than when a person of color is missing.

Wealth Gap:

The average wealth of white families is 10x larger than black families. Although it is illegal to discriminate to buyers because of their race, there are still impacts from that on some people today. College was not accessible for people of color and many well-paying jobs need a college degree.

Healthcare:

Medical programs and doctors attitudes leads to a worse outcome for minority groups. As well as immoral studies on people of color.

A black kid's school has 2 separate buildings. He has been stopped by police multiple times on his way from one class to another.

This shows how prominent white privilege is. These men would have to change how they speak and act when talking to people and walking around because it is so much easier for someone to assume that a black guy is bad rather than a white guy.