Course: Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Tutor: Andrea Muñoz

Date: 06/10/2018

The theory that I will use is the gamification. It was developed from the time of Mesopotamia by the teachers of that time but the term was created by Professor Malon (1980) However, the concept of gamification as we understand it today dates from 2003. It is a loan from the English gamification, a word coined by the British Nick Pelling, designer and software developer of business, who spread this term to give name to a reality observed by him, according to which the "culture of the game” said by (Nick 1984) was a kind of revolution that was reprogramming society. In this way, gamification is understood as a paradigm on how existing things, whether products, social or educational aspects, can be transformed into a game to obtain specific objectives and it was used to study that in class, students can learn in a much faster way through other strategies that are coherent with the technology. This theory indicates that the Gamification is a learning technique that moves the mechanics of games in the professional educational field in order to achieve better results, either to better absorb some knowledge, improve a skill, or reward concrete actions, among many other objectives. As applied to my topic, this theory holds that I would expect my independent variable(s): gamification to influence or explain the dependent variable: facilitate learning in educational classrooms. Because Gamification is a learning technique that moves the mechanics of games to the educational-professional field in order to achieve better results, either to better absorb some knowledge, improve some ability, or reward specific actions, among many other objectives and this type of learning gains ground in training methodologies due to its playful nature, which facilitates the internalization of knowledge in a more fun way, generating a positive experience in the user.

Professor Malon (1980) Prof. Thomas W. Malone Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 Cambridge, MA 02142

British Nick Pelling (1984) British Nick Pelling from http://gamificationworldcongress.com/2014/05/09/nick-pelling-the-gamification-inception

Creswell, J. (2014). Quantitative Theory Use. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed., pp. 84-97). California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MDuKDcn1eKRppZSTwQnRJtiPx3wXowu/view?usp=sharing

Ballard, M., Carlock, D., & Rock, S. (Directors). (n.d.). Quantitative Research [Video file]. Retrieved from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XStyqRe8xQthKJerSXLIw8CaGWDL1fby/view?usp=sharing

Postgrad.com. (n.d.). PhD Research Methods: Quantitative Research. Retrieved from: https://www.postgrad.com/advice/phd/research_methods/quantitative_research/

Nugrahenny, Z. (2012). Qualitative Research Methods for Second Language Education : A Coursebook. Retrieved from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=532171&lang=es&site=eds-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_Cover

Creswell, J. (2014). Qualitative Theory Use. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed., pp. 98-102). California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ustFhZscHCi7CKKP4mVIn5wC2LKYvgfv/view?usp=sharing

Ballard, M., Carlock, D., & Rock, S. (Directors). (n.d.). Qualitative Research [Video file]. Retrieved from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NcniktWQOP9m9KvhpFseeTcbCfALL24H/view?usp=sharing  

Postgrad.com. (n.d.). PhD Research Methods: Qualitative Research. Retrieved from: https://www.postgrad.com/advice/phd/research_methods/qualitative_research/

Feedback

 1. I agree with my friend Carlos because Gamification in education, or gamification in learning, is sometimes described using other terms: gameful thinking, game principles for education, motivation design, engagement design, etc. It is different from game-based learning in that it does not involve students making their own games or playing commercially-made video games. It operates under the assumption that the kind of engagement that gamers experience with games can be translated to an educational context towards the goals of facilitating learning and influencing student behavior. Since gamers voluntarily spend countless hours playing games and problem-solving, researchers and educators have been exploring ways to harness videogames’ power for motivation and apply it to the classroom.

2.  My partner Carlos You are right with the perspective taken about use the games and funny such as a method to promote the participation of the students in the classroom,it is important to create environments that encourage the sharing of knowledges with others,I think that technology is the principal approach to develop the easy learning of students,and to solve doubts with a dynamic way that does not bore. 

 

Course: Qualitative and Quantitative Research.

Tutor: Andrea Muñoz.

Date: 16th-10-2018 

          The theory that I will use is social exchange. It was developed by George C. Homan in 1950, and it was used to study the behavior of the individuals in different social situations, into account the interaction with their environment. According (Treviño, 2009) 

          In The Human Group (1950) ,George C. Homan made a major contribution to the deepening of small group theory and research – and through this to a growing sophistication of practice with the field of social group work. He also explored the activities of individuals in his influential work Social Behavior (1961; 1974).

          That is to say, a research focused on each individual, since when they are interacting in groups, it’s created the exchange of ideas and controversies establishing feelings, that lead the compaction of attitudes either as a positive or negative reaction depending on the reality that affects individuals and the way such it relates them. This theory indicates that the interaction and the behavior are the principal approach to analyze a specific group. As applied to my topic, this theory holds that I would expect my independent variable(s):Interaction to influence or explain the dependent variable(s): study the behavior of students in open and closed spaces with participation and reaction to the different points of view of each one, applying to their acquired knowledge, reflection of the situations that invade them with the adoption of cognitive preferences and emotions that lead them, to learn in a critical and effective way taking into account the in-depth analysis of research based on a social fact, because the interaction is a phenomena that studies the essence of each one, including the understanding in facts that will take them to transfer knowledge in an easier way and without learning problems; it will promote also the study of methodologies that include the research such a tool in the daily life such as: texts and a research with helping of constructivist ideas in a collaborative environment because the human man was done to talk with others, the human man cannot obtain goals alone.

Treviño, D. (2009). Infed. Retrieved from Infed: https://infed.org/mobi/george-c-homans-the-human-group-and-elementary-social-behavior/

 Feedback

1.  I'm agree you when you said "  think that teaching is the independent variable and the learning is the dependent variable of  teaching". since the teaching is given to the students and does not depend on anything; but learning depends directly on teaching because without teaching there is no learning.

2.  hello mate Tania I agree with you because Social Exchange Theory is an important social psychology concept that concerns social changes as a process of interactive exchanges between different people. This theory is often used within the business world to explain and analyze commercial transactions.Social exchange theory features many of the main assumptions found in rational choice theory and structuralism. It is also used quite frequently in the business world to imply a two-sided, mutually contingent and rewarding process involving transactions or simply exchange. 

 

Course: Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Tutor: Julio Cesar Tulande Rengifo

Date: 08/10/2018

The theory that I will use is the interrelated constructs It was developed by the teachers but was created by Kerlinger, F. (1986) and it was used to study propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena. This theory indicates the propositions which present a systematic view of teaching by specify in relations among variables with the purpose of explaining and predicting”.

 Teaching theory explains the relationship between teaching and learning. Teaching theory gives the knowledge about the assumptions of teaching activities which provide guideline for organizing teaching.

 The instructional designs can be developed with the help of theory of teaching.

Teaching theory provides the scientific basis for planning, organizing, leading and evaluation the teaching.

The classroom teaching problems may be studied scientifically through the knowledge of teaching theory.

Kerlinger, F. created to types of the theory the first is the formal theory of teaching and the normative theory teaching. 

 The formal theory which is based up on certain logic, cert a in meta physical, epistemological as sumptions and propositions is known as formal theory of teaching.

 The normative theory is the learning theories have been formulated by designing experimenting controlled situations, therefore they have less generalizability.

Teaching theory should have high generalizability because it concerns with human behavior. More rigorous control cannot be imposed by designing experiments on human subjects.

 

  Smith, T. (2013). Qualitative and quantitative research. Research Starters, 1-7. Retrieved from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=89164394&lang=es&site=eds-live

 http://home.ubalt.edu/tmitch/kerlinger.htm

 
Feedback

1. Partner Diana I am agree with a kind of constructivism in the teaching,it is true that teaching must be implanted with methods where the student can understand the learning environment,because the teacher is the boss of the learning in the student,within good metodologies,the students won't use tools that could be interestings for the learning of a theme.I think that teaching is the independent variable and the learning is the dependent variable of  teaching,because we and the students can't learn without helping of two parts.

2. I agree with you that by studying the behavior of students in the classroom you can find solutions or learning strategies which can help children to learn better, since all students are different and learn in different ways. in your contribution, you have to explain what is the independent and dependent variable.

 

Course: Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Tutor: Julio Cesar Tulande Rengifo

Date: October 16^th, 2018

The theory that I will use is the Foreign Language Anxiety it was developed by Horwitz and Cope (1986,) this theory mentions the problems that many students face when speaking in a foreign language. Foreign language anxiety consists of “self-perceptions, beliefs, feelings and behaviors related to classroom language learning arising from the uniqueness of the language learning process” (Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope 1986, 128). 

Foreign language learning process is a unique process, because learners are required to communicate using a language which they have not mastered perfectly (Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope 1986).

As applied to my topic, this theory will help me understand why some students find it difficult to speak in a foreign language which in this case this would be my independent variable. The reason I think this must be an excellent problem to solve is due to the duality that I see in the two possible options to solve this issue. In the first part, there are some researchers that propose that many of those problems at the moment of speaking are linked to psychological factors such as lack of self esteem, lack of motivation or lack of interest. (Independent variables)

Some of my students show part of it but I don’t know if this is the absolute answer to the problem. In the other hand there is the possibility that some cognitive issues are affecting the progress of learning how to speak in English and mi ideal is to try to identify which of those problems could be closer to the reality.  

 

References: 

Horwitz, E., M. Horwitz, & J. A. Cope. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, retrieved from: