1 Beijing Olympic Park & The Bird’s Nest, National Museum of China, 798 Art District, The Forbidden City

2 Historical and Cultural Exploration: As one of the most iconic cultural landmarks in China, the Forbidden City offers a rich exploration of Chinese imperial history. Visitors can tour the palaces, view ancient artefacts, and experience exhibitions on various dynasties and cultural practices.

Education and Research: The Forbidden City plays a key role in academic and cultural education, offering resources for scholars studying Chinese history and architecture. The museum also provides specialized programs for young learners and workshops that promote the preservation of cultural heritage.

Digital and Interactive Experiences: In recent years, the Forbidden City has expanded its cultural reach by incorporating digital technology, developing an online ticket booking system and offering virtual tours.

3 Included Groups:

Tourists and History Enthusiasts: The Forbidden City attracts and welcomes millions of visitors annually, including both domestic and international tourists.

Scholars and Researchers: The museum’s artefacts and archives are key resources for in-depth studies. Art experts and academic institutions benefit greatly from the extensive collections offered by the Palace Museum.

Educational Groups (students): The Palace Museum also offers educational programs and interactive workshops targeted at younger audiences. Schools frequently organize field trips to the Forbidden City, where students can engage with Chinese history and heritage firsthand.

Excluded Groups:

The Forbidden City attracts a diverse range of visitors, including tourists, history enthusiasts, scholars, and educational groups. The site offers an immersive experience of Chinese imperial history for tourists, with extensive collections that benefit scholars and art experts for research. Educational programs and interactive workshops also engage younger audiences, making it a key cultural learning hub in Beijing.

However, not everyone has equal access to the Forbidden City. Low-income individuals may find the costs of tickets prohibitive. Similarly, the elderly and disabled visitors face challenges navigating the large, uneven grounds. Additionally, non-Mandarin speakers may struggle with the predominantly Mandarin-language resources.

These barriers highlight broader issues of access in Beijing. While some groups can easily access and enjoy the city's cultural heritage, others face obstacles that limit their participation. This uneven distribution of access underscores the need for more inclusive urban planning and cultural policies that ensure all people can fully engage with Beijing’s cultural spaces.

1. The National Gallery of Victoria (NGV) is Australia's oldest and largest public art gallery, divided into NGV International and NGV Australia.

2. Arts Centre Melbourne: includes a theatre, concert hall and outdoor arts space.

3. The Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA) focuses on contemporary art exhibitions.

4. Federation Square: a public space that supports art installations and outdoor cultural events.

Cultural activities:

NGV: Hosts international and local art exhibitions, including painting, sculpture, photography, design, etc., and supports artist-in-residence programs and public art projects with community involvement.

Melbourne Arts Centre: Supporting theatre, music and dance performances, including local and international performing arts groups.

ACCA: Contemporary artist exhibitions, art talks, workshops, public education activities.

Federation Square: Outdoor film festival, cultural festival, art fair, etc., providing open space for citizens to participate.

Who is included:

Key participants include artists, cultural industry workers, art lovers, families, tourists, international students, and local residents.

Who is excluded:

Certain exhibitions and shows with expensive tickets may exclude low-income groups. For some contemporary art exhibitions, the threshold of cultural understanding is higher, which may exclude groups with lower levels of cultural education.

Who benefits:

Local and international artists benefit from exhibitions and residency programs, and cultural institutions profit by attracting visitors and promoting cultural exchange. Local residents who have high-income can enjoy rich cultural experiences, participate in interactive art activities, and enhance the social and cultural level.

1. Decentralized Exhibitions

The Biennale goes beyond official spaces, the city uses public spaces like squares and bridges for art installations, blending art with the urban landscape and increasing public access to and interaction with art. People can enjoy art while exploring Venice's cultural heritage in historic buildings.

2. Community Involvement

During the Biennale, artists and the communities participate, hosting exhibitions, art markets, and events, fostering interaction between art and residents.

3. Boosting Cultural Tourism

The Biennale attracts global art lovers, scholars, and tourists, boosting Venice’s cultural tourism in local businesses benefits, particularly in areas near exhibition venues.

4. Multiple Approaches

The Biennale includes visual arts, architecture, music, and theater, creating a diverse cultural atmosphere across the city and strengthening Venice’s artistic appeal.

In conclusion, the Venice Biennale illustrates how art, urban spaces, communities, and cultural tourism unite, transforming the city into a lively cultural hub.

1. Identify some ‘mega infrastructures’ or other major cultural assets in this city.
In Beijing, the 798 Art District is an important cultural asset. Originally a industrial site, it has been transformed into a vibrant hub for contemporary art and creativity. The district hosts numerous galleries, museums, and studios, attracting artists, curators, and visitors from around the world.

2. What kinds of cultural activity and participation does this infrastructure make possible?
798 facilitates a wide range of cultural activities, including art exhibitions, installations, performance art, and creative workshops. It also hosts cultural festivals, art fairs, and international collaborations, fostering an environment where both local and global art scenes intersect. The space encourages both professional artists and amateur creators to engage in the arts, and it also serves as a meeting point for diverse cultural dialogues.

3. Who is included and excluded from this activity? Who benefits? “Who are you serving?”
The district mainly serves the cultural elite, tourists, and art enthusiasts who can afford to engage with high art. Artists, curators, and collectors benefit from the visibility and opportunities for cultural exchange provided by the space. However, the art district can be exclusionary for those from lower-income backgrounds due to the commercialization of the art scene and the high cost of participation in some events or exhibitions.

Additionally, the focus on contemporary art may limit accessibility for those who are unfamiliar with or uninterested in this art form. As a result, while 798 serves global audience, it may not fully engage with the mass of Beijing’s local population.

2.(a)International dramas and those dramas which require high-standard stage design are possible to take place here. (Cuz It covers approximately 47,639 square meters with a building area of 64,476 square meters and seats 1,949 people. As China’s first professional musical theater and one of the largest underground theaters in Asia, it is a cornerstone of the city's cultural scene. ) (b) Chinese original dramas.(Cuz It supports local Chinese musicals ).(c)online interaction activities like livestreams after covid.

3. Exclusion:Lower-income individuals may be excluded due to ticket prices and the cultural elitism often associated with such performances. Also, the venue’s focus on musical theater may not resonate with those interested in other art forms.

Who are you serving?: Key words of the audience profile from the annual report 2023:25-35, female, well-educated, passionate about musical drama.=>Could indicate that it is serving Young urban audiences,Tourists and cultural enthusiasts.

Chen Yuyan,Chen Jiarong,Liu Jiaye

1. Major Cultural Assets and Infrastructures

1.1. Kuanzhai Alley: A historical area and cultural tourism spot featuring traditional Sichuan architecture, shops, restaurants, and cultural exhibitions. Tourists can enjoy Sichuan cuisine, traditional crafts, and even Sichuan opera performances here.

1.2. Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding: A world-famous centre for giant panda conservation and tourism. It is a significant part of Chengdu’s identity, symbolizing both wildlife conservation and tourism.

2. Cultural Activities

2.1. Kuanzhai Alley is a hotspot for cultural tourism, allowing visitors to experience Chengdu’s rich heritage, from traditional Sichuan face-changing performances and opera to unique local crafts.

2.2. The Panda Base promotes educational activities, where visitors, especially families and students, engage in wildlife conservation efforts.

3.

Beneficiaries include local residents, tourists, and international visitors, who enjoy easy access to these infrastructures.

Tourists are a key group that benefits from places like Kuanzhai Alley and the Panda Base, which contribute significantly to the local economy.

Who Is Excluded：

Some local residents. Some can profit from these projects or provide job opportunities. However, as Chengdu modernizes and commercializes places like Kuanzhai Alley, some local residents may feel marginalized from their own cultural spaces.

1. Cultural activation & participation : Visitors can celebrate Buddhism activity here. The statue is in the central of area, it attracts people. This area brings visitors and promotes the surrounding area. Every season has different flowers where people can celebrate different events here. Visitors and citizens can worship and light candles here. However, some people go to the sea (Enoshima) close to this area to revisit the film scene of popular manga and anime, Slam Dunk.

2. Included: As national treasure in Japan with shop owners, guides, local citizens and tourists. Excluded: Someone who doesn’t want to pay gets excluded.

   This place mostly caters to international tourists.

Beijing’s National Stadium, commonly known as the “Bird's Nest,” is a prime example of mega infrastructure. Built for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, it has since become a significant cultural and architectural asset in the city. Other cultural assets in Beijing include the National Centre for the Performing Arts and the Forbidden City. These landmarks not only contribute to the city’s global cultural status but also serve as venues for large-scale events, performances, and exhibitions.

2. What kinds of cultural activity and participation does this infrastructure make possible?

The Bird’s Nest has become more than just a sports arena; it hosts a wide range of cultural activities, including concerts, festivals, and national ceremonies. The stadium also serves as a public space for cultural exhibitions, light shows, and sporting events. Its role as a venue for global and local events has made it a symbol of modern Chinese culture and its ability to integrate international cultural practices. This infrastructure allows for large-scale public participation in both cultural and entertainment activities, fostering a sense of national pride and global engagement.

3. Who is included and excluded from this activity? Who benefits?

Those who benefit the most from the Bird's Nest's cultural activities include tourists, middle-class urban residents, and international visitors who have access to tickets for major events. These groups are often those who can afford to participate in high-profile cultural and entertainment events. On the other hand, lower-income residents or marginalized communities may be excluded from these activities due to high costs or limited accessibility. The infrastructure primarily serves the middle-to-upper classes and international audiences, reinforcing socio-economic divides in terms of who can fully engage with the space.

——Jia Huijing, Cui Yixin, Chen Yuzi

2. Types of cultural activities include visiting the Belvedere Castle (a folly in Central Park containing exhibit rooms, an observation deck and the park's official weather station), concerts like SummerStage, performances like Shakespeare at the Park, horse & carriage rides and other events. As a large open area, it allows activities that the city would otherwise not be able to host.

3. As a free public park, it includes all New York residents. However, its location in the most expensive area in Manhattan inevitably causes it to be accessible only to the residents who live near it, who will usually be wealthy & privileged. Also, the park has a history of displacing the African American and immigrant community that previously occupied the land in the 19th century.

public art, nature exhibitions, wildlife, gardens, scientific research, education,cycling, picknick

has several communities you can participate in with different interests (eg. climate justice, becoming an ally to indigeneous people, refugee support in canada)

includes: middle income upwards, families, free entrance for aboriginal people and people with disabilities

excluded from many of the activities: disabled bodies, lower income

who benefits? the city itself, as it attracts tourists, but also the citizens

lisa, ayushi, anna

1. Infrastructures: Crossrail (Elizabeth Line)

2. · The Crossrail improves the accessibility for elite events that used to be exclusive to the wealthy in the city centre. Organisers can plan city-wide cultural festivals that used to be performed in the prosperous area.

   · Since the Crossrail includes late-night transport, it may support the nighttime economy for people to engage with evening performances.

3. Infrastructures such as the Crossrail largely facilitate tourists' travel and employers' commutes in London.

   The Crossrail benefits students for educational purposes at cheaper prices targeted at the group.

   As the Elizabeth Line connects central London, the suburban area, and the surrounding cities, the rental fee of the suburban area being connected has been increased, leading to the exclusion and financial pressure of low-income residents.

   
   

Balancing prestige with inclusivity could mean offering free cultural events, accessible spaces, and workshops on traditional arts. Locals should feel this space belongs to them, not just tourists, reclaiming a bit of the city for the community.

For resources, I’d allocate funds to preserve the landscape, support community events, and ensure the environment is protected. The state can’t plan creativity, but it can set the stage by funding public art projects, open spaces for expression, and letting creativity flow naturally from there.

This plan would honor West Lake’s history while making it a vibrant, democratic space for all.

Xiao Yun