https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy Made with serendipity en-us 2016-10-11 14:17:56 UTC 2025-12-18 12:42:59 UTC hello@padlet.com rheaobe6721 https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/129816952 character of sensation: energy stimulates
bottom up processing is associated with senses]]> 2016-10-11 14:18:46 UTC https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/129816952 rheaobe6721 https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/129837445 1. perception comes from top-down
2.sensation is bottom-up
3this can change how features are perceived because everyone has different senses and therefore different perceptions]]> 2016-10-11 14:59:09 UTC https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/129837445 rheaobe6721 https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/130131879 Sensation: 
-energy stimulates a receptor cell in a sense organ
-must be sufficiently intense
-responds by sending precise and detailed message to the brain 
Perception:
-process of creating a meaningful pattern from raw sensory information
-top down processing- interpret what we see

Thresholds:
Absolute- minimum stimulus neccessary to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time. it is the smallest amount of stimuli we can detect 50%
------just noticeable difference is the amount something must be changed in order to detect it 50 % of the time

Approximate thresholds
Taste: 1 g of salt in 500 liters of H2O
Touch: wing of bee falling on cheek
Sight: light from 30 miles away]]> 2016-10-12 14:06:46 UTC https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/130131879 rheaobe6721 https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/130737955 Hubel and Weisel: figured out that neurons in the visual cortex respond to specific features responsible for brain and motion

-electromagnetic spectrum
---wavelength:distance from one peak to another
High frequency: short wavelengths, bluish colors, high pitched sounds
Low frequency: long wavelengths, reddish colors, low-pitched sounds
---Amplitude:
Large amplitude: tall, bright colors and loud sounds
Small Amplitude: short, dull colors, soft sounds

Theories of color vision:
-Trichromatic theory: young-helmholtz
-maximally sensitive to red green and blue
-after image- when you stare at 1-2 colors, cones become saturated when you look at a white piece of paper you see the opposite color due to saturation of cones
-Young helhotz could not explain these after images

-Opponent process theory-hering
-cones work in pairs (red and green)(blue and yellow)(black and white)
-paired with opposites if one is stimulated the other is inhibited
-this explains colorblindness and the after theories

surrounding context: if an item is viewed with other colors then the color of the object changes]]> 2016-10-14 13:49:38 UTC https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/130737955 rheaobe6721 https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/131159873 continuity-see smooth continuous patterns
connectedness- percieve it is connected
depth perception-2 dimensions fall on the retina:perceive as 3D , we estimate distance
Visual cliff- test of depth perception, infants and toddlers can see depth
visual constancy- perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal images : 5 types- color, shape, size, location, and brightness
shape constancy-see same shape despite the angle it is viewed at
monocular cues: interposition- 1 object blocks view of another, often referred to as superposition
relative size- assumption that 2 objects are similar size, closer has larger retinal images
relative clarity or aerial perspective- perception that hazy objects are father away than sharp objects.
texture gradient: coarse distinct texture is closer than finer, indistinct texture.
relative height- objects higher in field of vision appear farther away
relative motion- movement of self causes stable items to appear to move, nearest objects appears to move faster
Linear perspective- parallel lines appear to converge in distnace
Binocular cues: cues that require both eyes
retinal disparity: difference between sight of two eyes
convergence: cue for perceiving depth, eyes converge inward towards object
stereoscopic vision: combine 2 retinal images to get 3d perception
motion perception: closer object gets larger
phi phenomenon- illusion of lights blinking on and off
autokinetic illusion- perceived motion created by single stationary object

sound localizations: 
monaural cue: louder is closer
binocular: getting sounds from all places

]]> 2016-10-17 14:36:39 UTC https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/131159873 rheaobe6721 https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/132708234 Olfactory: extremely sensitive (5 million receptors)
-recognize odors over 10000
-top of nasal cavity
-not to thalamus
-strongly correlated to memory because of its direct connection with limbic system

Gustation(taste)
-salty sour bitter sweet and umami are 5 tastes
-taste buds (papillae) receptor cells for taste
-sensory interaction is smell + taste/texture

Skin senses: pressure, temperature, and pain
-brain is most sensitive to unexpected stimulation
-more concentrated tactile nerves are in lips and fingertips
-Kinesthesis- sense of body parts and positions
-vestibular sense monsiters head position and movement (balance)
Pain: no one specific receptor or stimulus
Athletes, culture, cognition, physiological reasons affect pain

Gate control theory: nerve fibers in spine transmit pain from spinal cord to the brain
-morphine is the drug associated with relieving pain
Phantom limb: misinterpretation
Touch: you feel hot when you put cold and warm water together, only skin sensation with identifiable receptors]]> 2016-10-24 14:21:40 UTC https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/132708234 rheaobe6721 https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/133334467 What are arguments for and against receiving a cochlear implant?
-they did not want to ruin the deaf culture and they thought it was a dangerous procedure
After receiving cochlear implants what are some of the benefits and struggles that are experienced?
-She can interact with both the deaf world and the real world. now she can hear, but it is harder for her to learn how to speak and learn how to say words properly. Her speech therapist has to cover her mouth so she doesnt read her lips.]]> 2016-10-26 14:21:57 UTC https://padlet.com/rheaobe6721/71ay47281lzy/wish/133334467