Chemical formula: C₆H₁₂O₄ (Glucose)

Health effects: eating in moderation can provide energy lost in exercise, relieve fatigue, and maintain normal blood sugar levels. Excessive consumption can cause obesity, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes and many other health problems. Eating too many polysaccharides in young children can affect the normal development of bones.

Natural source: plants combine carbon dioxide and water to make grapes through photosynthesis. People grow sugar cane to make sugar.

Physical & chemical properties: 
1.Monosaccharide water soluble, polysaccharide water 
    soluble base.    
2.Monosaccharides have sweet taste, polysaccharides
   have no sweet taste    
3.glucose in living organisms canundergo oxidation
    reaction, release heat.    
4.A moleculecontaining multiple hydroxyl groups that can be esterified with acids.

Purpose & function: carbon skeleton/cytoskeleton providing energy, carbohydrate/substance metabolism. Coke adds sugar to sweeten the drink for better taste.

Chemical formula: NaHCO₃

Health effects: take your doctor's recommended amount and 
how to eat it (mostly mixed with water) to relieve fatigue, 
healthy pH of your digestive system, ease sores in your mouth, 
whiten your teeth, etc. Drinks containing soda (cola) are not 
suitable for children or teenagers

Natural source: weakly alkaline solution of sodium bicarbonate. There are few natural sources. Most are made by humans, mining blocks of alkali and then making baking soda in an appropriate way.

Physical & Chemical properties:
1.White crystalline powder    
2.odorless , non-toxic 
3.soluble in water at 50 ℃ (physical) began to reaction,generate CO ₂, in all 100 ℃ into 
sodium carbonate     
4.Rapid decomposition in the weak acid.

Uses  &functions: medical disinfection, poultry feed, cleaning additives, chemical raw materials. In coke, for better taste

                                                           Chemical formula: C₈H₁₀N₄O₂ 

                                                           Health effects: caffeine has been shown to                                                                   improve memory, reduce fatigue, and control                                                                 body weight. Too much caffeine can cause                                                                     anxiety, irritability, insomnia and other 
                                                           negative effects.
                                                      

Natural source: caffeine is a plant alkaloid found in many plants. The world's largest source of caffeine is coffee beans.

Physical & chemical properties:   
1.Usually in the form  white powder or white needle-like crystals.  
2.No smell, bitter taste.  
3. Melting point: 238℃.

Use & function: central nerve stimulating function, addictive. Used as a refreshment and food additive.