1. full-time job

2. part-time job

3. temporary job

4. well-paid job

5. low- paid job

6. flexible hours

7. fixed hours

8. working environment

9. career prospects

10. labor productivity 

11. unemployment benefits

12. acquire experience 

13. put the knowledge gained during studies into practice 

14. minimum wage 

15. health and safety in the workplace

16. take annual leave : nghỉ phép hằng năm 

17 sick leave : nghỉ ốm 

18 holiday entitlement : số ngày nghỉ phép

19 promotion opportunities : cơ hội thăng tiến

20  move up the career ladder : tiến lên trong nấc thang sn

21 take  career break for a few years : nghi 1 tg

22 job satisfaction 

23 supportive work colleagues : dong nghiep nhiet tinh ho tro 

24 heavy workload  : kl cong viec nang nhoc

25 labor- intensive job :  công việc lao động nặng

26 desk job :  công việc văn phòng 

27 steady job : công việc ổn định

28 dismissing : sa thải

29 internship  : kì thực tập

30 have no career ambitions : không có tham vọng nghề nghiệp
 
 *Thay vì dùng It is true that thì có những cách sau :

(1. It is widely acknowledged that

2. (It is a common belief/ sense that)

3. Most people usually assume that

4. It is true that/ the fact

5. As we most believe that

6. It is a widely held belief that

7. Many people claim that

8. There is an undeniable fact that

9. It’s crystal clear that 

10. It is evident that

11. (It goes without saying)

12. It is apparent that

13. It is obvious that

14. It is the simple fact of life that

15. (It is socially accepted that) )

Encounter : bắt gặp / plethora of : rất là nhiều
 
 Soft skill : kỹ năng mềm 

Subjective :

Wrong choice of courses

Over-expectation 

Lack of soft skills - communication/time management/teamwork/ problem solving/ computing/ linguistic 

 

Objective :

Educational system: University - Theoretical knowledge - lack of practical knowledge 

Automation - in all most every field 

Career orientation /teamwork/ problem solving/ computing/ linguistic

Automation : sự tự động hóa / career orientation :  sự định hướng nghề nghiệp

*Solutions: 

Strengthen soft skills 

Renovation in curriculums : cải cách chương trình giảng dạy

Early retirement 

Identify talent 

Consultation from family : có sự tư vấn của gđ

Provide proper and opportune/well-timed/timely - adequate/sufficient/consistent orientation : cung cấp định hướng đúng lúc kịp thời, đầy đủ , nhất quán 

 

2 câu đầu writing : 

1. Stating the general problem 

2. My essay/ this essay is going to/discuss/aims to - analyze/elucidate:bàn luận/do an autopsy: mổ xẻ , phân tích = dissect 

There are several reasons but there are also solutions to this phenomenon /reality

 

Body 1: category 

Causes: 

The responsibility lies with/ falls on both individuals and the whole educational system 

Subjective - Objective 

Body 2: importance 

Solutions 

The most feasible/ important/ viable/ effective solution is that...

The obvious quick fix is that...

A further solution is that...

Point - Explain - Example

rehabilitate ( v) : phục hồi , cải tạo
conversely : ngược lại 
tackle (v) : giải quyết 

1. Tackling poverty 
2. Commit crimes 
3. Rehabilitate offenders 
4. Law-abiding citizens 
5. Undertake these programs

far superior (adj) : vượt trội

1. Committed
2. Invested
3. Caught
4. Arrested
5. Questioned : tra khảo
6. Charged
7 appear in court 
8 accused
9 witnesses
10 jury 12p / evidence
11 verdict : bản án
12 found guilty 
13 judge/ punishment
14 sentenced : kết án
15 no proof
16 acquitted : được trắng án 

suspect : nghi phạm
/ constable : lính canh gác  = police officer = law enforcement = cop : cảnh sát

casualty : thương vong

witness : nhân chứng
jury : bồi thẩm đoàn 
judge : thẩm phán 
victim : nạn nhân = sufferer 
innocent : người vô tội
accuser : người tố cáo = whistleblower 
prosecutor : công tố viên 
attorney = lawyer  : luật sư
defense attorney : luật sư biện hộ

Court appointed defense attorney : tòa án chỉ định luật sư bào chữa

commit the crime 
investigate 
detect = recognize 
arrest/ apprehend
question= interrogate 
be accused of
be charged with

- appear in court
- reach jury's verdict
- be found guilty
- sentence sb + time + in prison/ jail = Convict
- be acquitted -> go free

contest the verdict : kháng cáo

Execute  hành hình
Hanging   treo 
Electrocution
Firing squad  xử bắn

charge : buộc tội ( chính thức ) khác với accuse chỉ là buộc toojj chưa chính thức

commit-> investigate/detect-> caught-> arrest /comprehend-> question/ interrogate-> accuse -> charge/ officially accused-> prosecute >< defend -> reach the verdict >< contest the verdict -> sentence/convict -> serve imprisonment