Using the Magic Wand Tool. Select the magic wand tool in the toolbox. In the options bar, select a Tolerance value (0 to 255). This determines how closely to match colours - higher tolerance means a larger selection. Check Anti-aliased to define a smooth edge to the selection

Polygonal Lasso Tool. Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges. You can also hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac OS) to draw freehand sections.

The spot healing brush is the default healing tool inPhotoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint

In Photoshop CS6, the Photoshop team introduced a newContent Aware feature called Content Aware Move. Content Aware Move will allow you to select pixels and move or extend them to another area of your image without the use of layers and masks.

The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning)

The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning).

Photoshop Clone Stamp Tool. Photoshop's clone stamp toolallows you to duplicate part of an image. The process involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to create a new cloned area. Select the Clone Stamp tool , then check the settings in the options bar.

The Crop Tool cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image: In the Toolbox, select theCrop Tool, click on the image and draw a rectangle holding mouse's button pressed. When you release the button a bounding box appears. You can move, resize and rotate it.

Layer masks are a fundamental tool in image manipulations. They allow you to selectively modify the opacity (transparency) of the layer they belong to. This differs from the use of the layer Opacity slider as a mask has the ability to selectively modify the opacity of different areas across a single layer.

Today, every DSLR has an integrated light meter that automatically measures the reflected light and determines the optimal exposure.

In photography, the metering mode refers to the way in which a camera determines the exposure.

Matrix Metering or Evaluative Metering mode is the default metering mode on most DSLRs. It works similarly to the above example by dividing the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones.