Has very loose strokes

Can see the King and Queen reflected in a mirror so you are you are the King and/or Queen

Inspired by Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck (both have a minor in them)

Sexual and intimate painting, stepped away from history paintings to more intimate, private paintings

Style was not the only thing changing but also his technique

The Cupid hushing is based off of Étienne-Maurice Falconet's sculpture named Menacing Love. Keeping a secret

Two cupids are in the lower right under the edge of the woman's skirt

Has a sense of moment that carries her forward and her slipper off her foot, had diagonals (much like Baroque period)

lush aristocratic garden and represents the indulgently of the Rococo period

Is an image of the French and Indian Revolution.

True to life through the British outfits

Everyone was stoic and there was not a lot of blood

People loved the Indian because of his pose that is based off of a Roman statue.

Wolfe was also in a position was usually reserved for a depiction of Jesus making him a political martyr.

Man played a song from her childhood that she gets excited hearing, remember what it used to be like.

Waking up from sin and redemption and repentance.

Symbol of him carefully dropped his glove to represent how he could drop her.

New furniture represent how she is a mistress.

Looking down into a valley to see a humble but embraced village.

Brushstrokes have a lot of energy and dynamism.

Moon elites a pulsing light alongside the stars that contrasts with the calmness of the village.

Thinks of complimentary colors while going into his landscape.

Abstraction of form of what he can see that requires bravery.

Gogh struggled with mental health so he was in an asylum when he painted the Starry Night.

There is four versions of The Scream. The first done in oil, tempera, and pastel on cardboard, two pastel examples, and a final tempera painting.

The figure on the bridge is symbolic of Munch himself and his experience that inspired this painting along side the synesthesia (union of senses).

Sky is red because a huge volcanic explosion that left the sky red

People were surprised by the messiness and the color.

Color for the sake of color and not for what you are actually seeing.

This painting was what first started Cubism.

Is confrontational and the woman are scary

Perspective is set free and space is turned upside down.

African masks and ancient Spain art and Still life.

San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome

Oil painting

Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome

Energy and movement

Dynamic balance (diagonals, curves, counter curves, etc.)

High Contrast (dark and light, etc.)

Emotion

Element of time

Viewer involvement

Naturalism of the Renaissance

Diagonals in the body of Christ, lots of action, asymmetrical

The horse is bowing to him, the elbow popping out, the bright clothes compared to the rest of the painting, the viewer is lower than the king(like they're bowing), is looking out at his vast kingdom.

Gives us an example of what a Dutch House looks like

Moral: Look out for human foibles like greed

Not symmetrical and has movement in the small insects

Red is dramatic and a reminder of Christ's blood

Time is shown through the wilting flowers and can tell flowers have been put in some time later

light is dipping behind and in front of clouds giving a feeling of time and movement

The painting is of a militia group

The guy in the helmet in the back is a self portrait of Rembrandt

Dramatic light from front to back

lots of diagonals

A scene of ancient Shepards and a woman that are near a tomb.

Through the tomb you can see time as the tomb is older than the people but you can also see time through the shadow that the kneeling figure casts onto the tomb caused by the setting sun.

Woman is very pantheon like from the Classical Era

"Arcadia" means here, understood as a mythic, ideal place. Written on the tomb it says 'I too am in Arcadia'(referring to death) or 'I too once lived in Arcadia' (referring to the person in the tomb).

We know that the figure is St. John because of the eagle that is near him which is the symbol usually used to represent him.

He is writing the Book of Revelation and the Second Coming.

Poussin was credited with inventing the ideal landscape with this painting. This landscape has a "sense of rigor and order and rationalism". Main figure is in the foreground but small to the landscape.

St. John's pose is thought to be taken from the representations of river gods from Ancient Rome.

St. John is illuminated by his bright colors compared to the colder tones of the ruins he's in.

The ruins give a sense to passage of time as they have been worn down and broken.

The visual paths cause us to slow down and enjoy the painting.

The landscape is not specific but a whole bunch of ideal forms.

It was made for the middle class to get a sense of what the lower class was.

You can see the virtuousness and morality of the family. They are good in their simplicity.

You feel relief because of the light in the room. The light is so visible because of the simple pallet. Strong contrast from dark to light(baroque!) similar to Caravaggio. This light and dark on the faces gives a psychological depth to the people.

The drapery that the people where moves you across the canvas but also holds tribute to the Classical Era.

Simplicity is shown in their economic class, their dress, the interior, and the food(bowl of salt, wine, and a loaf of bread). (Salt of the Earth)

Louis was known as the Sun King which furthered his claim to being like Apollo.

The Portrait of Louis is a similar stance to Charles in Anthony van Dyck's painting of him. You can see it through how Louis holds the scepter in his right hand and the elbow he props outward. It is also how he stands with one leg out and his head turned to us.

Louis is at the center of the canvas, he's the focal point, and looks at you with confidence and directness.

The curtains are silk and embroidered and make a canopy to make the environment worthy of king. The marble column is on a gilded base, meant to represent Louis' strength as a monarch while playing homage to the classical era. He also looks down on us despite being short through an illusion of height.

Louis is wearing a coronation robe, which is symbolic of the French monarchy. His sword is also bejeweled with precious materials. In the dark to the left is the royal crown. His long hair represents his youth. So do his legs that are "dancer's legs" suggesting him being vital and vigorous.

The portrait was originally a gift for Louis' grandson, Philip V of Spain, but Louis liked it so much he sent a copy.

The painting was so successful it was used as his proxy while he was gone. It was placed over the throne and courtiers were forbidden to turn their backs on it.

Versailles was meant to emphasize on Louis' importance and was built to shift the seat of French government away from the noble families in Paris.

The Hall of Mirrors is the most famous room. One wall has a row of giant windows that overlook the gardens while the other wall has 357 mirrors to catch the setting sun's rays. This was done to show Louis' power and add to his claim as being similar to Apollo as the Sun King. It was mainly used as a passageway and many courtiers would squeeze in there to beg for a favor as the king passed by.

While the outside is not as ornate as the inside, it pays a heavy tribute to the Ancient Greek temples. It is symmetrical and repetitive. Which was another representation of Louis' power But it still shows as Baroque through the statues and embellishments.

In 1919 on June 28, the Treaty of Versailles was signed here to officially end World War 1.

Jesus is healing people, children were brought to him

There is very dramatic shadows contrasted with light

There is a painting of the Last Judgement behind the woman (she stands right in the middle of the righteous and the damned)

Is pregnant, weighing life and her choices

Baroque lighting

Carpeting tools and scraps and their older clothes tells us who they are

What Joseph holds is similar to the cross, the candle represents Jesus is the Light of the World

Grand Manner, noble, heroic

Romunlous is in Red and Rome is named after him.

Borrows from Giovanni Bologna's Abduction of the Sabine Woman

Holds a lot of color and very realistic. Wanted landscapes to be important so he added figures that looked biblical.

Painted outside

Lifestyle of the Arocrasticy

Cythera was an island that was mythically associated with Aphrodite(flowers, bow, cupid)

As they go towards the boat there is a progression of intimacy

Pute lead with torch towards the island with castle in the background

Love is represented here as a dance

Reception Piece done by Watteau to join the Royal Academy in France

Was put in a category of it's own despite the clash between (fete galante)

the Rubenistes (color, open brushwork) and the Poussinistes (line, finish)

Theme: Fashionable, Flamboyant, Flirtatious, Frivolous, and French

Characteristics:

luxury, opulence

aristocratic tastes

conspicuous leisure

pastel colors

subjects of love, flirtation

fantasy

private, intimate scenes

lush landscapes

Her bracelet is the opposite which portrays to her lover Louis XV

Not about her but her persona, about the surface level but she is very intimate

Very mysterious

Painting was commissioned by the Andrews to celebrate their marriage and combination of their families' fortune.

Is a genre of "conversation pieces," informal group of portraits that presents a small group in an outdoor space, engaged in discussion, compared to the formal, straightforward portraits of earlier periods.

Gainsborough knew the Andrews since childhood and was able to capture their destain of him being below them in the hierarchy socially.

Gainsborough gives equal attention to his landscape as he does to the figures.

Mr. Andrews looks relaxed and like he has just done all his work.

The painting is considered "unfinished" by modern scholars as their is a bare piece of canvas were Mr Andrews' hands are, suggesting that something is to be there.

Aristocracy is losing power to the middle class audience of merchants gaining money. Targets the middle class.

Shows a family called the Squanderfields and the family is in trouble so they arranged a marriage to marry a woman who is a daughter of a Wealthy Merchant.

Everyone is in it for themselves expect for the couple.

The second painting Tête à Tête shows that they need to take finances seriously and pleasure.

Third painting is a doctor appointment. Hogarth is trying to downgrade the young Lord Squanderfield. The skull on the desk and human figures in the background are represent that we are all going to die one day.

Fourth painting is of the woman at her dressing table. Coral beads represent that the woman has had a child but she is hanging out with her friends instead of her child. Paintings represent love affairs

Fifth Painting is a place to where you want secrets to occur. Woman is on her knees as her lover (Silver tongue from the first painting) flees through the window. He has impaled the husband with his sword.

Six painting shows the woman's death and now both the husband and wife are dead. Wife has poisoned herself after the news of Silver tongue being hanged for killing the husband. Shows how the marriage was of money and not love. The dog represents greediness as it steals from the table. Back in her home and not the aristocratic home.

Don't listen Silver-tongued evil, don't marry a man for his rank, don't marry a woman for her money, ruin will ensue as karma.

Main character is Tom Rakewell (a rake is a term for a man of loose morals or a womanizer).

(Piece one) Tom's father was a rich merchant who died and Tom goes to collect/spend the wealth while rejecting his pregnant fiancé, Sarah Young. He holds out coins to her as she sobs into a handkerchief and her mother holds love letters from Tom.

(Piece two) Tom moved to a bachelor pad from his cozy home surrounded by people who wish to exploit his wealth.

(Piece three) Tom sits on the lap of someone who robs him. Portraits of Roman Emperor's hang on the wall including Nero's(a corrupt womanizer) has been defaced.

(Piece four) Tom has been thrown in jail while Sarah bails him out.

(Piece five) Tom is marrying a wealthy old hag. The woman lust the ring and Tom lusts her maid. Sarah and her mother in the background try to object but are held back by guests.

(Piece six) Tom is wealthy again but no better with his money. On his knees in a gambling den having lost his money. (Excessive gambling was a real problem and fortunes could be lost in one evening)

(Piece seven) Tom is in debtors' prison. He is harassed. Sarah faints seeing the situation while their with her child. (Personal as Hogarth's father spent much of his childhood in a debtors' prison) Debtors are trying to find ways to get out of debt (Tom wrote a play)

(Piece eight) The Madhouse - Tom has lost his mind and is in Bedlam (London's mental hospital). Mark on chest suggest failed suicide. Young women watch and all he has left is faithful Sarah.

Picture they are putting away is of King Louis, representing how he had just died and that there was a new king.

Shows her intelligence through the quill by her, the open book, and the books behind her.

Pompadour hair style is named after her and was a fashionista, big influence on fashion.

King Louis XV would go to her to ask for advice

Boucher was Watteau's student

First time using pastels as a medium for a finished piece of artwork

Linearity

Tight brushwork

Even lighting

Sculptural forms

Classical architecture, figures, dress, and themes

serious, moralistic subjects

strong hero figures

Austerity and reduction of form

nationalism expressed through patriotism

Strong heroic features

tight brushstrokes

First French Revolution is on the horizon

Three brothers from each side are going to fight over a border between the city-states Rome Albania (Three from the Horatii and three from the Croatia)

The women are upset because their family is intermarried with the Croatia meaning that no matter what happened, they all lost.

David did not believe that women could give up their love for their country like a man could which is why the women are bent and curved like that.

Marat had a very horrible skin condition so it would sit and worked in his bathtub because it made it feel better.

Charlotte Corday was another Revolutionist from a different factor who killed Marat.

Marat's death was as a martyr and David likened it unto Christ's Death.

The painting has some edits to it compared to real life. For one, Rococo had just ended so Marat had a very fancy bathroom that David did not include alongside Marat's skin condition. The desk also appears as if it is a tomb.

Her father made sure she was very educated and made Neoclassicism important in England. Was a founder of the England Royal Art Academy.

You can see the wealth through the house (water damage and wear) and the small dowry but you can also see how important this event is (look to the poor for your values of virtue).

Exoticism

Supernatural

Violence/horrific themes

Nationalism (personal past vs. classical)

Longing for the past

Intense emotion, passion

Imagination

(New stories that were not biblical)

Painting pays a homage to The Maids of Honor by Diego Velazquez

Their posing is rather random and there is a woman looking behind were we cannot see her face at all.

Clothing glitters and Goya flattered the family.

The French are faceless. They look inhuman, villainous, and machine like.

Man in the white shirt is a martyr and is similar to Christ. He is an innocent man being killed for no good reason (anti-war statement).

Opposite of Neoclassicism in many ways

Odin is the guy up in the upper left

Thor is an Anti-hero in this painting

Difference between Michelangelo's and Blake's creation of Adam: Blake's was a struggle and Satan is already trying to get ahold of Adam (life is not going to be easy).

Romanticism: longing for the past, loose brush strokes, six-feet long (size of a history painting) which shows how important HIS backyard is (nationalism)

About a specific story about a captain that had sick slaves on his ship. He realized that if they died then he wouldn't get insurance, however; if they went overboard it was not the same.

Really loose and think brushstrokes. Looking at the bottom you can see the really horrific things, the shackles and body parts.

Nature doesn't take sides so everyone is being taken over by the ocean.

Is very abstract and shows changing from the past to the future

Shows the power of nature and that nature is also very spiritual, a holy place (because of monk).

Partner piece to the Monk by the Sea.

Monk is old, then the abbey, then the trees, and then the moon in hierarchy of oldest.

Powerful nature on the left and comes tame as it goes to the right.

Artist painted himself in the piece painting in the middle of the painting in the foliage.

Throne is similar to the throne of the Father from the Ghent by Eyck.

Left staff is the golden scepter of Sharllamain the other is the ivory hand of justice.

Napoleon Brough Gros allons ro

Guy in the nightshirt - if the government knew that you sided with the revolution, they would drag you into the street and killed you in you night clothes

S curves everywhere that adds to the feeling of writhing and flames.

All in "ungainly" positions despite how beautiful the ballerinas look.

Dancers waiting their turn, dance master, dancer performing, mothers in the top right, and already finished dancers.

Mirror gives us a sense of the window that we cannot see that shows the city which is developing the culture of pleasure, leisure, performance

Not a self contained clear narrative, something that wasn't for the Salon. Intensely modern. Breaks compositional and narrative rules of history. Feels uncoreographed.

Empty bottom right creates asymmetry and flat plain with the hyper dimensionality of the upper left.

We are at eye level of the dance master.

Loose and rough brushstroke which matches the tough conditions.

Even focus on all the parts of the painting and shows the weight of the work on their shoulders.

Workers represent the working class of the time. They have no names, no heroic traits, clothes are messed up.

Courbet tried to get into the Royal Academy using this painting. Was of Courbet's family history so the painting is a historical painting but the Royal academy didn't agree.

Dogs used to be a symbol so the Royal Academy didn't like that it was included with no symbol.

Everyday people and events was a new thing he introduced.

Has diagonal lines with the cows coming towards us in our view.

Was a very large painting that was normally reserved for religious and historical paintings.

Cows are the focus of the painting and was painted a year after the third French Revolution.

Very controlled brushstrokes

Loved sports so he added himself to the painting. Wanted his paintings to be true nature.

on-the-spot outdoor scenes

fleeting moments, impermanence

atmosphere, light, colored shadow

modern urban life, leisure activities

upper middle class/nouveau riche

times of day/year

look of ukiyo-e (Japanese print)

Human figures are reduced to merely brushstrokes although recognizable.

Did 10 of these paintings

Very modern and brand-new

Was across the street in his own studio.

Loses the 3D of painting

Loose brushstrokes that are soft and gentle with rich coloring.

Renoir avoided created a single focal point allowing your eyes to wander the painting.

Modern culture of leisure.

Renoir loves painting people and all of the social interactions.

Steps away from the city for a look into the suburbs.

Woman with the dog on the left is his wife and he has done a lot of paintings of her. Renoir knew most of the people in the painting.

While loose, the painting is very composed and has some classical elements.

Bright colors of the plants brighten up the painting compared to the darker color of their clothes and the shade.

Very pastel and warm colors and strives to show a woman's everyday life.

Innocence shown through the veil alongside purity.

Very loose brushstrokes with some tight brushstrokes.

Looser brushstrokes than most

Usually painted women the most and of a certain class so that they had time for leisure.

Did not focus on Raphael (what the academy wants) but focused on before Early Renaissance and Gothic Art.

Wanted to depict "truth" (same time the Church was restored (Joseph Smith))

liked detail and symbolism.

subject matter was old literature - Bible, Shakespeare, Arthurian legends

John carries a bowl to represent baptism.

Christ for once is not the center point.

Optical mixture - adding colors next to each other and allowing light to mix them making a different color.

Leisure, outside, and wanted to bring in timelessness, composed and not simultaneously, classical

Has an illusion of space

No clear narrative

Made up of a whole bunch of different sketches that he made.

Divisionism or pointillism or neo impressionism is the little dots he uses to make up his painting

Solid figures - modern classical look

Is not a mirror of reality unlike what art is typically like.

There is not a lot of shadows to become abstract and refuse to be realistic.

Peasant Women in traditional headdresses are in the foreground with eyes closed.

It is about people having a spiritual experience.

Was originally a "Sunday painter" who is someone who paints for his or her own enjoyment

Similar to a Japanese Painting

The fact that it was so neglected though attracted Cézanne to it though.

Cézanne would almost single-handedly revive the subject of still-life.

There is an odd stepping in a line at the back of the table that should be (or we expect to be) straight. The table also seems to be steeply tipped to the left and bottle looks tipsy. This was purposeful.

Argues against linear perspective due to illusionism.

Cézanne's concern was representing the true experience of human sight.

The painting is expressing multiple perspectives.

The Painting feels unfinished as we can see the canvas underneath and everything is not fully made.

People used to be concern of space but Cézanne puts forward that it is 2D.

People used to be worried of high finish which is you can barely tell the brushstrokes are there but Cézanne makes them obvious.

Important for Cubism

Breaks contour and form

denies illusionism

Is the short figure in the background walking with the super tall man.

We are divided from the group by the bar and we are pulled in by the people at the table who are showing of an interesting conversation.

Each men in this statue appear thing and malnourished and they all are city councilmen of Calais (where Eustache is from).

Eustache is the bearded face with his head bowed toward the middle. To Eustache's left with mouth in a tight line and holding a se of keys is Jean d'Aire. The other s are Andrieu d'Andres, Jean de Fiennes, and Pierre and Jacques de Wissant.

While they are released in the future, Rodin decided to depict the moment when they had been gathered to leave the city to go to their deaths. Death is a very real threat.

The men are in a circle causing there to be no focal point.

He went against the norm of a single heroic figure and instead used six men.

While fragile looking, the heavy, rhythmic drapery falls to the ground like lead weights making them unyielding.

The fabric fused to the ground shows the conflict between the men's desire to live and the need to save the city.

Rodin's goal was to have people personally experiencing the tragic event by lowering them to street level.

Circles like how the gold was tueled in Medieval times.

Emergence from evil.

How they are cloaked shows how Klimt was covering them

Her fingers delicately touch him and how his hands wrap around show his strength.

The way the tree curves around the mountain makes them seem on the same plane/space. Causing the tree to be bigger than the mountain. Another addition to this is the outline of the mountain instead of fading into the distance.

Same brushwork in the tree and in the clouds in the sky.

Post-Impressionism: Closing off the background from us

Nothing that allows to gradually go back into the foreground. Space is completely compressed.

Print is full of rhythm and we expect to hear the tapping of feet and the music.(why there is the reason why the name is written three times)

Woman was a famous person at the Moulin Rouge. Invented the Cancan.

Minor realism in the painting with how the woman and man look (no idealization)

Wanted to show the depressing scene of people who need to go home.

Complementary colors to give us a jarring feeling.

The floor is very tilted to cause an off feeling. Like the table will just slide across the floor.

Similar mood to Edgar Allan Poe's poetry.

Head on a plate.

Strange mood

Made of Lithograph and charcoal

Exotic looking scene

Reverse modeling with highlights rather than shadows.

Moonlight with a lion (what is the lion going to do)

Feels like a paper cut out

American painter in Paris

Very spiritual depiction of this event

Everything looks organic and like plants

A lot of symmetry

Strong sense of flowing line

decorative

looks like it is blossoming.

symmetry in the painting

background looks like stained glass, very medieval

Very flat with very little modeling

Decorative and based on nature

Not depicting the bird but the concept of flight.

Represents a good woman/mother

Separating color from it's job.

Space is completely flattened.

Game of reality and illusion (all real things but abstract)

Shading on the wine glass, the only indication of dimension.

Lots of borrowed things like Star of David to imbue spirituality.

Felt like they were behind everyone in terms of technology

Felt that they were too stuck in the past and wanted to just get rid of things of the past.

Thought that war would be great and a cleansing agent

Took it above and behind

took inspiration from machines.

Reminds you of Nike telling us that no mater what you cannot escape the past

Calvin and Hobbs comic

Painting from his imagination

Embokes a lot of emotions and does not have the usual minimal color palette.

Seems empty

Focused on absurdity, element of chance (Enlightenment values of logic and reason only lead to war)

Challenged status quo in art, culture, etc.

Element of chance (like Dada)

randomness related to dream statues

Carefully balanced and rather huge

interested in balance

saw the world disrupted by world

(The International Style) Something for everyone to have as a style

Sought to create utopian environment through geometric abstraction

Sought universal order