Wordwall

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a very important role in helping me improve my English. With ICT, I can access many online resources such as e-books, articles, and videos that expose me to real English usage. Mobile apps and websites also allow me to practice grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation interactively. Through online platforms, I can communicate with people around the world, which improves my speaking and writing skills. Social media and discussion forums give me opportunities to share ideas in English and receive feedback. Moreover, ICT tools like translators and dictionaries help me understand difficult words instantly. By using these technologies every day, I can learn English in a more interesting and effective way.Therefore, I recommend you to use this kind of resources in daily life. It's more effective and easer way for everyone

With the help of the internet

I can watch vedios,listen to audio kesson and read articles that improve my vocabulary. I use mobile apps to practise grammar and speaking.Online dictionaries and translators make it easy to understand new words quickly

First, you need to sign up or log in. This step is easy and quick. Many features are free, which is great. However, some advanced tools require a paid subscription. Also, you need a stable internet connection to use Kahoot.

Next, you can create your own quiz. You can write questions and add pictures or videos. There’s also a library of ready-made quizzes you can use. But the types of questions are limited, and the design options are simple.

When the quiz starts, students can join using a code. They answer questions in real time and earn points. This makes learning feel like a game and keeps students interested. Still, if someone has internet or device problems, they might not be able to join easily.

After the quiz, the teacher can see the results right away. It’s easy to check who answered correctly and who needs more help. The results are saved for later. However, the analysis tools are basic and don’t give deep feedback.

In summary, Kahoot is a great tool to make learning more fun and active. It’s easy to use and helps students stay focused. But to get the best results, you need good internet and well-prepared

questions.

In conclusion, ICT has both positive and negative effects, but if used wisely, it can make our lives easier and more successful.

Quizizz, on the other hand, lets students answer questions at their own pace. It can be used both in class and as homework. It gives detailed reports to teachers and works even with a slower connection. In short, Kahoot is more energetic and competitive, while Quizizz is more flexible and student-friendly.

Safety

Unique

Improve speaking-nutqni yaxshilash

Read alout-ovoz chiqarib o'qimoq

Attractive

obsessive

Support -qullab -quvvatlamoq

Wisdom-donolik

Miss out- oʻtkazib yubormoq

Put up -oʻchirmoq

Complex-murakkab

Attractive -jozibali, eʼtibor tortadigan

Stress means giving extra force or loudness to one part of a word or sentence when speaking.

It makes speech sound natural and helps listeners understand meani

ng.

Qoshma sifatlardan qaysi biri koproq mano bersa urgu oshanga tushadi.Ikkita xar xil manoli sifat qoshilib boshqa bir manoli soz hosil boladi.

Well known

Open minded

Stress is the special force or loudness we put on one part of a word.

When a syllable is stressed, we say it louder, longer, and with a higher pitch than the other syllables.

Example:

TAble → the first syllable is stressed.

comPUter → the second syllable is stressed.

Why is Stress Important?

1. It helps people understand you clearly.

2. It can change the meaning of a word.

REcord (noun)

reCORD (verb)

3. It makes your speech sound natural and fluent.

Types of Stress

1. Word Stress

Stress on one syllable in a word.

Examples:

TEAcher

aBOUT

inforMAtion

2. Sentence Stress

Important words in a sentence get more stress.

Example:

I WANT a new PHONE.

Primary stress, Secondary Stress.

Word stress : One syllable in a word is stronger.

Sentence stress : Important words in a sentence are stressed: noun,verbs, adjective ,adverbs .

Primary and Secondary Stress:

Primary stress (ˈ) – strongest stress.

Secondary stress (ˌ) – weaker stress.

If the meaning is description, stress moves to the second word

Types of stress

1. Primary stress – the strongest emphasis in a word.

2. Secondary stress – a weaker emphasis on another syllable.

Stress in words

Nouns and adjectives often have stress on the first syllable: TAble, CLEver.

Verbs often have stress on the second syllable: reLAX, beGIN.

Words ending in -tion, -sion, -ic usually have stress on the syllable before the ending: naTION, geoGRAPhic.

Stress in sentences

Content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) are stressed.

Function words (and, to, the, of) are usually unstressed.

Rhythm is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in speech or writing. It makes English sound natural and flowing.

English is a stress-timed language: stressed syllables come at regular intervals, and unstressed syllables are shorter.

Rhythm helps with understanding, speaking clearly, and sounding natural.

I like to read books. → The stressed syllable is read, unstressed ones are shorter.

Assimilation is when a sound in a word changes because of a neighboring sound. It makes speech faster and smoother.

Types of assimilation

1. Progressive assimilation – a sound changes because of the sound before it.

Example: dogs → /dɔgz/ (the /s/ becomes /z/ because of /g/)

2. Regressive assimilation – a sound changes because of the sound after it.

Example: input → /ɪmpʊt/ (the /n/ becomes /m/ before /p/)

3. Reciprocal (mutual) assimilation – sounds influence each other.

The earlier sound influences a later sound dogs(dogz) g-is voiced so s changes to z but ,cats(cats) still remains s,because earlier sound is vioceless.

For wh questions we fall intonation

But yes/ no questions we rise intonation

It helps listeners understand the meaning.

1. Word Stress

Every English word with two or more syllables has one main stressed syllable.

Examples:

TAble

aBOUT

comPUter

If you put stress on the wrong syllable, the word may sound strange or be misunderstood.

2. Sentence Stress

In a sentence, important words are stressed.

These are usually:

nouns

main verbs

adjectives

adverbs

Example:

I WANT to BUY a new PHONE.

Here, “want”, “buy”, and “phone” carry stress because they have the main meaning.

3. Weak Forms

Many short function words are not stressed.

They are pronounced quickly and softly.

Examples:

to → /tə/

for → /fə/

of → /əv/

Sentence:

I want tə go.

(“to” becomes weak.)

4. Primary and Secondary Stress

Primary stress (ˈ): the strongest stress.

Example: phoˈtograph

Secondary stress (ˌ): weaker than primary but still noticeable.

Example: ˌphoˈtographer

---

Why is stress important?

Makes your speech natural

Helps others understand you

Changes meaning (e.g., ‘record → REcord (noun), reCORD (verb))

• Primary stress - the main strong stress in a word => 100%

• Secondary stress - a smaller stress in a long words => 50%

• Unstressed - syllables that are weak or said softly => 20-30%

• Weak form - Bu eng past, juda yumshoq, ba’zan /ə/ (schwa) bilan aytiladi. Ko‘pincha function words shunaqa bo‘ladi: prepositions, articles, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs…=>5-7%

• Schwa deletion - Bu unda schwa ovozi umuman aytilmaydi.

So‘z qisqaradi, talaffuz "yutib yuboriladi" => 0%

Word stress and sentence stress.

Word stress-one syllable is stronger.

Sentence stress-important words are stressed. Also there are 3 types of stress. Primary, secondary, unstressed. Primary stress-is stronger stress in a Word. Example:'Teacher-urg'u birinchisida

Secondary stress-is a weaker stress than the Primary stress. Example:,eco' nomics

Unstressed stress-is is softer softer and quiter than stressed syllable.

a'bout-a-unstressed

->primary stress-->100%

->secondary stress-->50%

->unstessed syl-->20-30%

->weak form-->5-7%

-> schwa delition--> 0%

Assimulation-> maqsadi nutqni taʼminlash

1.Oʻzidan keyn keladigan tovushni jarangli tovushga oʻzgartirib koʻriladi.

2.Regressive assimulation- birinchi soʻzni oxirgi harfi bn 2- soʻzni bosh harfi moslashishi --> nice shoes -- nishshoes

3. Schwa delition-> to make speech faster and smother

4. Consonant cluster simplification

   3 ta undosh ketma-ket kelganda maʼno chiqishi taʼminlangan holda 1 ta undosh tushiriladi . For.ex -> frieNDShip - frieNShip

5. Delition-> undosh tovush tushib qolishi. For.ex -> next time - nextime

6. Schwa delition-> unli tovush tushib qolishi

7. Delition holati shoshmasdan diqqat bilan gapirilsa tovush tushmaydi.

   
   

In English, one syllable is pronounced louder, longer, and clearer than the others.

Why Word Stress is Important

It helps people understand the correct pronunciation.

Wrong stress can change the meaning or make the word hard to understand.

English is a stress-timed language, so stressing the right syllable is key for natural speaking.A stressed syllable is:

longer

louder

clearer

often has a strong vow

el sound

Short explanation:

When we speak quickly, some sounds blend together.

One sound changes its place or manner to match the next sound.

This makes pronunciation easier and faster.

Examples:

ten boys → tem boys ( /n/ becomes /m/ before /b/ )

good girl → goog girl ( /d/ becomes /g/ before /g/ )

don’t you → donchu ( /t / + /j/ → /tʃ/ )1) Progressive Assimilation

Definition:

A sound changes because of the sound before it.

The previous sound influences the next one.

Example:

dogs → /dɔgz/ (the /s/ becomes /z/ because the previous sound /g/ is voiced)

cats → /kæts/ (the /s/ stays voiceless because /t/ is voiceless)

2) Regressive Assimilation

Definition:

A sound changes because of the sound after it.

The next sound influences the previous one.

Example:

input → /ɪmput/ ( /n/ becomes /m/ because the next sound /p/ is bilabial)

ten boys → /tem bɔɪz/ ( /n/ becomes /m/ before /b/ )

3) Coalescent Assimilation

(Also called confluent or combined assimilation)

Definition:

Two sounds come together and form a new sound.

Example:

don’t you → donchu /doʊntʃu/

( /t/ + /j/ → /tʃ/ )

would you → wouldju /wʊdʒu/

( /d/ + /j/ → /dʒ/ )

1. First syllable stressed

2. Middle syllable stressed

3. Final syllable stressed

   There are different levels of stress in English .The main types are:Word stress,Sentence stress .

Sentence stress :strong and weak forms.

I want to buy a new dress .

I 2o-30 %

Want 100 %

To 5-7%

Buy 100%

A 0%

New dress 100%

Regerstive Assimilation

Birinchi soʻzni oxirgi harfi bilan ikkinchi bosh harfi moslashishi kerak.

Acoustive phonetics

If is study of speech sounds as sound waves travel though the air. Frequncy, amplitude, formants, sound wavel, frequncy amplitude

For example:TA'B/LE-URGU BIRINCHI BUGINGA TUSHADI

RE'/LAX-URGU IKKINCHI BOGINGA TUSHADI.

STRESS 2GA BOLINADI:

WORD STRESS

SENTENCE STRESS

WORD STRESS:QAYSI BOGIN KUCHLI TALAFFUZ QILINISHINI KORSATADI.

*PRIMARY STRESS:

comPUter, AMERica

*SECONDARY STRESS

individual-(in) - SECONDARY (vid) primary

*UNSTRESSED-(a) - unstressed (bout)-stress

SENTENCE STRESS-YAXLID SOZGA TUSHADI.

*CONTENT WORD (STRESSED)

NOUN, MAIN VERBS,ADJ,ADV.

*FUNCTION WORD(UNSTRESSED)

ARTICLES, PREPOSITION,PRONOUNS.

Stress, Weak Form, Unstressed Syllable, Primary/Secondary Stress, Schwa, Schwa Deletion

Stress = stronger emphasis on one syllable in a word.

A stressed syllable is louder, longer, and clearer.

Example: TAble, aBOUT

Weak Form

• Many short English words have a weak (reduced) pronunciation when they are unstressed.

  Usually pronounced with the schwa

  Examples:

  to → /tə/

  and → /ən/

  of → /əv/ or /ə/

  3. Unstressed Syllable

  A syllable that is not emphasized.

  It becomes shorter, quieter, and often uses the schwa /ə/.

  Example: aBOUT → a- is unstressed.

  unstressed.

  Usually pronounced with the schwa /ə/.

Primary Stress (ˈ)

The main and strongest stress in a word.

Marked with ˈ before the stressed syllable.

Example: /ˈpho-to-graph/

Secondary Stress (ˌ)

A weaker stress than primary stress.

Appears in long words, marked with ˌ.

Example: /ˌpho-to-ˈgra-phic/

1 primary stress bu eng kuchli urg'u (') bilan belgilanadi

2 secondary stress yengilroq lekin sezilarli yoki (,) bilan belgilanadi forexample phoTOgraphy this example "TO" is primary stress

3 unstressed the stress it is mostly schwa with pronance? like? about the sound is" a" is pronunce say schwa sound the sound it frequently and short say,

And Primary stress + secondary stress stress +unstressed together.

I am GOING to the.,inter'NATional HOtel tommoROW

Explanation :

Primary stress GOING HOtel

Secondry stress., inter:NATIonal

Unstresse I, am, to, the,

Sentence stress

The sentens stress in the words important main words

Name, main verb, adjectives and adverb the more stress : helps words like? Articles, prepositions, auxiliar, words it usualy say think forexample I am GOing to the STORE the word is important STORE

Assimilation is when a sound changes because of the influence of a neighboring sound.

This makes speech faster and smoother.

Example:

• inpossible → becomes impossible

/n/ changes to /m/ because /p/ is a bilabial sound.

• ten boys → sounds like tem boys

/n/ becomes /m/ before /b/.

2. Regressive Assimilation (Backward Assimilation)

In regressive (backward) assimilation, the following sound influences the preceding sound.

The second sound “pulls back” the first sound.

Sound 2 affects Sound 1

Examples:

1. in + possible → impossible

/n/ changes to /m/ because the next sound is /p/.

2. good boy

/d/ becomes /b/-like sound → sounds like gub boy.

3. ten girls

/n/ becomes /ŋ/ → ten girls

4. have to

/v/ becomes /f/ → pronounced haf to

STRESS helps to show meaning and make speech clear and natural.The stressed part is usually LOUDER,LONGER,HIGHER in pitch than the others.

WORD STRESS ~The emphasis placed on a specific syllable in a WORD

There are 3 types of stress

Primary [phoTOgraph]

Secondary [photoGRAphic]

Unstressed syll about [ə]

CENTENCE STRESS

The emphasis placed on a curtain words within a SENTENCE.

Example:

I am GOING to the STORE.

URGʻU nutqni aniq va ravon boʻlishiga hizmat qiladi.Odatda urgʻuli qisim BALANDROQ ,CHOʻZIQROQ VA UZUNROQ talaffuz qilinadi.

Soʻz urgʻusi ~ gapdagi muayyan boʻlinga urgʻu tushadi

Gap urgʻusida ~ gapdagi bitta yaxlit soʻzga tushadi.