https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38 en-us 2022-09-16 01:47:31 UTC 2023-03-09 05:33:23 UTC hello@padlet.com col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300612589 Thomas Jefferson wanted to install a two-track education system that separated the laborers from the learners. He wanted to find the geniuses without having to deal with the "rubbish". Scholarships would not allow many laborers to advance because of this system. ]]> 2022-09-16 23:17:42 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300612589 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300615322 The Continental Congress passed a law that created "townships" that reserves a part of each township for a local school in the "Northwest Territory". Eventually, the land grants became the system of "land grant universities" that became the universities we have today. In order to get these land grants the U.S gave and took land away from the natives without consulting them. ]]> 2022-09-16 23:26:53 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300615322 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300617616 "Free public education" is created for the poor while the rich are still expected to pay for their children's schooling. ]]> 2022-09-16 23:34:06 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300617616 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300619005 Schools are following the "Lancastrian model" where one professor (or master) teaches 100s of students. The master teaches the older students who then teach the other students using the rote lesson method. These schools teach discipline and obedience that factory owners value in their workers. ]]> 2022-09-16 23:38:25 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300619005 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300626721 Massachusetts passes a law mandating all children go to school for free regardless of income. ]]> 2022-09-16 23:59:51 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300626721 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300647149
Over a million Irish immigrants come to the U.S causing an upheaval in New York's board of Education. Irish Catholics were trying to take control o the school board to avoid having their children be taught the Protestant curriculum. ]]> 2022-09-17 00:52:37 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300647149 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300649201 The Massachusetts Reform School of Westboro is created for children who refuse to go to school, which sets off a chain of "reform schools", combining the juvenile system with education. ]]> 2022-09-17 00:57:52 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300649201 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300650723 One of the first laws requiring students to attend school is passed in Massachusetts. The reason of this was to make sure the poor became part of the working class and didn't contribute to the social upheaval. ]]> 2022-09-17 01:01:45 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300650723 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300656764 The makeup of school boards changed from local businessmen to doctors and lawyers, big businessmen, and others of the richest classes. ]]> 2022-09-17 01:16:37 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300656764 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300665727 Plessy Vs. Ferguson- 
Homer Plessy and John Howard Ferguson went to court to debate whether it was against the Constitution for a man of color to sit on a bus populated with white people. The court ruled that "...the 14th Amendment did not give Congress authority to prevent discrimination by private individuals. "(National Archives, par. 2) This was the start of the separate but equal society that populated the U.S. These laws were reinforced by the strict Jim Crow laws that were eventually abolished after the civil rights movement began. ]]> 2022-09-17 01:38:45 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300665727 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300668513 Engel v. Vitale- 
Steven Engel sued William Vitale over the nondenominational Pledge to god in the pledge students were to recite every day. Engel was a parent and he conspired he other parents to sue the head chairman of the board of education, Vitale. The case went6 over whether the pledge violated the First Amendment. The vote was 6-1 with the majority of the court in agreement with Engel. This means that now children are not forced to say a nondenominational prayer at school because it breaks their freedom of speech.  ]]> 2022-09-17 01:45:34 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300668513 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300669294 Goss v. Lopez-
10 students were suspended without a trial or hearing, one of which was Dwight Lopez, and their parents believed this violated the 14th amendment. The parents of the 10 students took the principal to court and won the case in a 5-4 vote. According to Oyez, "the Court held that because Ohio had chosen to extend the right to an education to its citizens, it could not withdraw that right 'on grounds of misconduct absent fundamentally fair procedures to determine whether the misconduct ha[d] occurred.'"(Par. 3) This means that today, when a student misbehaves they cannot be punished without a hearing and be given notice of the punishment. ]]> 2022-09-17 01:47:16 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300669294 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300670100 New Jersey v. T.L.O-
T.L.O and another girl were found smoking in a New Jersey High School's school bathroom. According to U.S courts, upon denying the allegations, the administrators searched her bag and found "found a pack of cigarettes, and cigarette rolling paper...a small plastic bag containing a grass-like substance and  items that could be drug paraphernalia, including a pipe, a wad of money, a piece of paper with the names of students who apparently owed T.L.O. money, and a letter that appeared to implicate T.L.O. in dealing marijuana." (par. 1) After the police and her mother were called, T.L.O went to the police station and confessed to selling marijuana. Her mother then sued the state of New Jersey for violating her 14th amendment right. The case did not make it to the supreme court as they decided it did not warrant a hearing but the 14th amendment applied to the administrators. ]]> 2022-09-17 01:49:00 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300670100 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300672759 The Smith-Hughes Act is passed. Federal funding is provided for vocational schools. This act is pushed by big manufacturing companies who want to remove job skill training to bring apprenticeship programs under their control.]]> 2022-09-17 01:55:23 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300672759 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300674177 Educational Testing Service is formed. It continues the work of eugenicists in proving that immigrants are feeble-minded. ]]> 2022-09-17 01:59:22 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300674177 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300674617 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka-
Linda Brown's father sued Topeka's Board of Education for not allowing his daughter into any of Topeka's all-white schools. He argued that it was unjust and that they should be equal in all ways. The court ruled in favor of Brown saying, "that the plaintiffs were being 'deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment.'" ( history.com editors, par. 12). It was a step in the right direction during the civil rights movement in its path to equality that we see today. ]]> 2022-09-17 02:00:23 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300674617 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300677303 Plyler v. Doe -
James Plyler was the superintendent of the Tyler Independent School District and Its Board of Trustees. He was sued by J. and R. Doe along with other named and unnamed immigrant students. The reason behind this lawsuit was that these students were unable to prove their legal status in the U.S and were refused from going to school. They believed this violated the Constitution.  The supreme court ruled in favor of Doe, claiming Plyler violated their 14th amendment right. According to the American Immigration Council, "the school district had no rational basis to deny children a public education based on their immigration status, given the harm the policy would inflict on the children themselves and society as a whole."(par. 7) This means that today students who are undocumented get the same rights as those who are documented, at least when it comes to their schooling. ]]> 2022-09-17 02:06:27 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300677303 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300677912 Title IX- 
Title IX applies to any institution that receives financial funding. According to the Department of Education, this includes schools and local and state educational agencies such as "17,600 school districts, over 5,000 postsecondary institutions, and charter schools, for-profit schools, libraries, and museums." (par. 3) Title IX affects anyone against discrimination based on their sex.  This law protects the LGBTQIA+ community, pregnant citizens, etc from discrimination. ]]> 2022-09-17 02:08:13 UTC https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300677912 col2163782 https://padlet.com/col2163782/6xfyz65030ckum38/wish/2300678508 Education of all Handicapped Children Act -
This act, otherwise known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (I.D.E.A), has changed the lives of more than 7.5 million children compared to the 1.8 million students who were excluded before. According to the U.S Department of Education, this act affected anyone with a disability such as being "deaf, blind, emotionally disturbed, or an intellectual disability." ( par. 2) Without this act, students who had a disability would not be given the education they deserve simply because they were born different. In 2018-19, there were approximately 64% of children with a disability in general education classrooms 80% of the time.

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