Machuca Padlet by Ella Bitterman

When was it?

bittermane25 — 2024-02-01 17:46:32 UTC

It was on September 11th, 1973.

Discriminación (pasado) - What discrimination existed in Chile in the time of the film? Why?

bokmanl25 — 2024-02-01 17:54:43 UTC

In 1973, discrimination in Chile was predominately rich, affluent, and more fair-skinned citizens discriminating against poor, more indigenous citizens. The government at the time was socialist, and promoted equality for all social classes, no matter your economic background. Protests were between capitalists/anti-communist (affluent citizens) and socialists/communists (poorer citizens). The anti-communist citizens were against the socialist/communist citizens as they did not want them to have the same oppurtunities that they did as they believed that they worked hard to get to where they are on the economic pyramid and the socialist citizens were being given these oppurtunities for free.

1. Salvador Allende - Who was he? What were his political beliefs, party? How did he come to power? What happened to him? Other interesting information?

aswanis24 — 2024-02-01 17:55:44 UTC

Salvador Allende was born on June 26, 1908 in Valparaíso, Chile. He was Chile's first socialist president who developed his belief throughout his medical education at the University of Chile. He was a Marxist activist during his time at the university and participated in the creation of Chile's Socialist Party. He was elected minister of health from 1939-42. Then he ran to be elected to the Senate, from 1945 and onward. Allende ran for president in 1952 but wasn't successfully inaugurated until 1970. He restructured Chilean society and government towards the socialist side while maintaining democracy and respecting civil liberty. His government was overthrown in 1973 by a military coup led by Augusto Pinochet, and it was claimed that he committed suicide.

2. General Augusto Pinochet - Who was he? What were his political beliefs, party? How did he come to power? What happened to him? Other information?

aswanis24 — 2024-02-01 17:56:28 UTC

Augusto Pinochet was born on November 25, 1915 in Valparaiso,Chile. He graduated from the Santiago military academy in 1936 and continued to be a career military officer. He was appointed army commander-in-chief by President Allende 18 days before the coup, which he planned/led. After the coup of the socialist government, Pinochet was the head of Chile's military government from 1974-90. His goal was to exterminate communism/communist beliefs in Chile and to reinstate free-market policies. Throughout his rule, those who opposed his rule were tortured and arrested, and approximately 130,000 people were arrested in the first three years. In March 1990, the free elections installed a new democratic president Patricio Aylwin. After the election, he was commander of the armed forces until 1998 and became a senator for life afterward. In 1998, while on a visit to London, he was detained by British authorities after Spain wanted him to be extradited for the torture of Spanish citizens in Chile during his rule.

What happened? What were the results?

bittermane25 — 2024-02-01 17:59:39 UTC

The republican military in Chile led by Augusto Pinochet overthrew the president, Salvator Allende, who was making a communist plan for the country. Pinochet and his military established a new government. The government aimed to better Chile as a whole, but it suppressed all left-wing ideology, resulting in unemployment, a decline in real wages, and a decline in the standard of living. It also resulted in a further gap between the different social classes. In 1981, a new constitution was established, but this didn't last very long, as protests erupted in 1983. The hostile political environment continued into the 1980s. It was 1990 when Patricio Aylwin Azocar was elected. He advocated for Chile's free market, but also believed in social and political change.

Discriminación - What discrimination exists in Chile now? Why?

bokmanl25 — 2024-02-01 18:16:13 UTC

Racism against indigenous citizens and immigrants has grown throughout recent years in Chile. This is largley due to the lasting influence of Pinochet's rule that ended in the 1990s. Chileans tend to discriminate predominately indingenous populations such as the Mapuche. Neo-Nazi groups were also popular in the late 1990s going into the 2000s against people of African descent.

Los Desaparecidos - Who are they? What happened?

bittermane25 — 2024-02-01 18:19:05 UTC

1,248 people "disappeared" during Pinochet's reign. Nobody knows for certain what happened to these people, but it's suspected that they were abducted, tortured, and killed. Chilean authorities didn't officially start to look for these people until August 2023, and they believe the Chilean military knows about their whereabouts. 307 people have been identified with their remains returned to their families.