Explain the parsimony principle, and related principle of reasoning known as “Occam’s razor.” -

Summarize and/or give examples of the advantages and disadvantages of using each of the following types of data to construct phylogenies:

4. Molecular data -

2.  What is a clade?

3.  What do shared derived characters indicate?

4.  What is an outgroup?

5.  What does a node represent on a phylogenetic tree?  What does the root represent?

6.  What kind of data can be used to construct a phylogenetic tree?  Which type of data is usually more accurate?

7.  What is a derived character?

8. STOP the video at 5:09, draw your cladogram here and circle the species that is the outgroup

3.  Why are populations that are more genetically diverse more likely to survive environmental changes?

4. Whether or not an allele or a phenotype provides an advantage to the organism depends on the ____________________.  If the _____________________ changes, a previously advantageous allele can become disadvantageous.

2.  How were oxygen levels in Earth’s early atmosphere different from oxygen levels in Earth’s atmosphere today?

3.  Which theory of the origin of life on Earth is supported by data from the Miller-Urey experiment?

4.  How could meteorites have contributed to the development of life on Earth?

5. What is the RNA world hypothesis? (NOTE: recently there has been some evidence to refute this hypothesis, but it is still important that you know if for the AP Biology exam)

2.  What is a species?

3.  ________________   ___________________ is critical for speciation.
4.  What do prezygotic barriers do?

5.  List and describe the five types of prezygotic barriers.

6.  What do postzygotic barriers do?

7.   List and describe the three types of postzygotic barriers.

8.  Contrast allopatric speciation with sympatric speciation.

9.   What are some causes of sympatric speciation?
10. Contrast punctuated equilibrium with gradualism

11.  What causes divergent evolution? Give an example.

12. What is adaptive radiation?

2.  What human activities can drive catastrophic ecosystem changes?

3.  What is speciation?

4.  How do speciation and extinction affect species biodiversity?

5.  What is a niche?

6. After dinosaurs went extinct, ______________________________ occupied the open _____________ and experienced __________________________________