PHAR415 - Tobacco Tox by Abdelali Agouni https://padlet.com/aagouni78/6p0pyio8hcwe Made with a dash of wit en-us 2017-12-14 06:59:00 UTC 2025-10-28 14:24:20 UTC hello@padlet.com Tobacco Poisoning https://padlet.com/aagouni78/6p0pyio8hcwe/wish/414503521 6. Labs and investigations required for diagnosis:
 Nicotine or its metabolite cotinine are detected in comprehensive urine toxicology screens, but because these are so commonly present, they will not usually be reported unless specifically requested. 

7. Emergency procedures and Supportive measures:
Maintain ABC and administer supplemental oxygen; treat seizures, coma, hypotension, hypertension, and arrhythmias. 

8. Antidote?
 Mecamylamine (Inversine) is a specific antagonist of nicotine actions --> cannot be used if patient is is vomiting, convulsing, or hypotensive. Muscarinic symptoms may may respond to atropine.

9.  Decontamination?
For asymptomatic small-quantity cigarette ingestions, no gut decontamination is necessary. Administer activated charcoal if available. Do not induce vomiting because of the risk of abrupt onset of seizures. 
Consider gastric lavage for large recent ingestions of liquid nicotine. For ingestion of transdermal patches or large amounts of gum, consider repeated doses of charcoal and whole-bowel irrigation
10. Enhanced Elimination?
 Usually not useful due to the high clearance of nicotine, its large Vd and its short half-life.]]> 2019-11-21 08:16:18 UTC https://padlet.com/aagouni78/6p0pyio8hcwe/wish/414503521 Tobacco https://padlet.com/aagouni78/6p0pyio8hcwe/wish/414504350 1)Nicotine binds to nicotinic cholinergic receptors, resulting initially, via actions on ganglia, in predominantly sympathetic nervous stimulation. With higher doses, parasympathetic stimulation and then ganglionic and neuromuscular blockage may occur. Direct effects on the brain may also result in vomiting and seizures.
2)Nicotine poisoning may occur in children after they ingest tobacco or drink saliva expectorated by a tobacco chewer. In children or adults after accidental or suicidal ingestion of nicotine-containing pesticides (such as Black Leaf 40, which contains 40% nicotine sulfate); and occasionally after cutaneous exposure to nicotine, such as among tobacco harvesters. 
3)]]> 2019-11-21 08:19:03 UTC https://padlet.com/aagouni78/6p0pyio8hcwe/wish/414504350