- December 4, 1982

- circumstances of adoption - !!!!

Total control of the Chinese Communist Party

[Politburo, Central Committee, National Party Congress]

Central Military Comission

Patrol-clientism

Decentralized to subnational governments

urban-rural

President XI Jinping

Promulgates laws, appoints or removes the Premier, Vice-Premiers, State Councillors, Ministers in charge of ministries or commissions

- unicameral

- can amend the Constitution, legislate and oversee the operations of the government, and elect the major officers of the NSC, SPC, SPP, CMC, and the state

- try civil, economic, administrative, complaint and appeal, and communication and transportation cases

- $22,100 - per capita

top industries - machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment

- China vs Vietnam

- caused by Vietnam's invasion and occupation of Cambodia

- resulted in further hostility between the two countries, increased US influence in Asia (through allyship)

- China declared its punitive mission to be accomplished, but did not reach its strategic objective (getting Vietnam out of Cambodia)

- the labor force is declining, because of decline of population of working-age demographic due to prior restrictions on births

- China has lifted the one-child policy

- December 2/3, 1979

-

- blended theocracy and democracy

-> theocratic elements - supreme leader, guardian council, expediency council

-> democratic elements - president, assembly of religious experts, and elected Majiles

- Juristś Guardianship - no separation of powers

- reformers vs. conservative

- pragmatic conservatives vs. radical clerics

- woman - ¨equality with difference¨

- president - Masoud Pezeshkian; second in command of the executive branch

- Council of Ministers, Assembly of Experts, Expediency Council, Council of Guardians

unicameral

enacts legislation

- prosecute and punish criminals

- often suppressing dissent and prosecuting dissidents

- $16,200 - per capita

top industries - petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizer, caustic soda, textiles

- Iran vs. Iraq

- Iraq invaded Iran to assert dominance

- increased military tensions between the US and Iran, worsened the economy

- ended due to mutual ceasefire

- February 5th, 1917

transitional democratic

- North vs South

- head of executive branch, state, government, and the supreme commander of the Armed Forces

- bicameral - Senate and Chamber of Deputies

- pass laws, impose taxes, declare war, approve the national budget, approve or reject treaties and conventions made with foreign countries, and ratify diplomatic appointments

- judicial review, can overturn legislation it deems unconstitutional

- $22,400 - per capita

top industries - food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum

- the public has waves of protests, ex. 2022

- the goverment creates water projects like dams and drinking water plants

- May 29, 1999

- has democratic components but doesn't work

- fraudulent voting

- presidential system with independent judiciary and legislature

• patron-clientism

- 200-450 different ethnicities

- religions -

->half Muslim - north

-> 40% Christian - south

-> 10% other religions

- disputes over sharia law in policymaking

- major divisions between elites and rural/urban

- President Bola Ahmed Adekunle TINUBU

- Foreign policy/defense, lead Cabinet, appoints officials

- bicameral

- make laws, approve treaties, control budget

- Ultimate appellate, human rights oversight, judicial review

- $5,700 - per capita

top industries - crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins

- Civil War - Nigeria's federal government vs secessionist state Biafra

- caused by political, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions

- effected in malnutrition o the population

- federal government won the war

- INEC revised and determined legitamacy

- December 12, 1993

semi-presidential federation

- Slavophile vs. Westernizer

Vladimir Putin

Autocracy so unofficially unlimited power

bicameral

make laws, budget

Ultimate appellate, interpret laws

$39,800 - per capita

top industries - mining, coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; machine building, defence

Russia invaded Ukrainian territory, to return to pre-1991 borders (USSR)

effected in separating Russia from the rest of western world through sanctiones

no winner

solve by finding non-western providers and allies

Mexico vs. America

caused by disputed boundary between the United States and Texas on the Nueces Strip

after added the states of California, Texas, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming to the United States

Mexico lost

1215

democratic

Keir STARMER

(chief of state - King CHARLES III, but no real executive power)

leads the cabinet, appoints officials, treaties/defence

bicameral

make laws, approve treaties, budget

judicial review, human rights oversight, ultimate appealate

$54,100 - per capita

top industries - machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics

UK vs. Iraq

US and UK want to prevent Iraq from having weapons of mass destruction

UK has more involvement in anti-terror group operations (isis, intervention in libya)

UK won

supporting household through putting a cap on energy prices and other measures