EL Landmark Legislation by Elizabeth Gurkin

EL Landmark Legislation by Elizabeth Gurkin https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a en-us 2022-08-30 16:20:31 UTC 2026-02-17 22:22:16 UTC hello@padlet.com Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276500506 April 14, 1947]]> 2022-08-30 16:22:11 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276500506 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276500682 Mendez challenged school segregation in Los Angeles. His children and others of Mexican and Latin decent, were segregated into separate schools.]]> 2022-08-30 16:22:20 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276500682 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276501064 The court ruled in favor of Mr. Mendez stating that school must be open to all children by unified school association regardless of lineage. ]]> 2022-08-30 16:22:30 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276501064 Importance for EL's in education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276501329 The Mendez case was the first successful federal school desegregation decision in the nation. It ended segregation in California schools.]]> 2022-08-30 16:22:42 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276501329 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276805505 June 4, 1923]]> 2022-08-30 20:44:04 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276805505 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276806751 Nebraska passed a law prohibiting teaching grade school children any language other than English. Meyer taught German in a Lutheran school, and was convicted. Did Nebraska violate the 14th amendment's due process clause?]]> 2022-08-30 20:45:54 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276806751 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276808778 The court declared the Nebraska law unconstitutional saying it violated the liberty protected by the due process clause of the 14th amendment. ]]> 2022-08-30 20:48:10 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276808778 Importance for EL's in education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276812008 This was a victory for language-minority parents as the Supreme Court struck down the states' restrictive legislation. States may not pass laws that attempt to prevent communities from offering private language classes outside of the regular school system.]]> 2022-08-30 20:52:20 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276812008 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276812725 January 21, 1874]]> 2022-08-30 20:53:17 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276812725 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276814603 Lau and others of Chinese descent who did not speak English, brought a class action suit against the officials in the San Francisco Unified School District, claiming that failure to provide supplemental English classes constituted an unequal educational opportunity in violation of the 14th Amendment and the Civil Rights act of 1964]]> 2022-08-30 20:55:59 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276814603 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276815852 The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Lau, saying that the school system's failure to provide supplemental English language instruction constituted a violation of the California Education Code and Section 601 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 because it deprived those students of an opportunity to participate in the public education program.]]> 2022-08-30 20:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276815852 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276818896 This case determined that bilingual instruction should be given to help non-native English speaking students improve their English language proficiency. It helped ease the transition into education for those who did not speak English. ]]> 2022-08-30 21:02:45 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276818896 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276821781 April 9, 1965]]> 2022-08-30 21:06:49 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276821781 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276849307 This was part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty. It brought education into the forefront of the assault on poverty and committed to equal access to quality education.]]> 2022-08-30 21:46:16 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276849307 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276849963 2022-08-30 21:47:12 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276849963 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276852785 ESEA is important because it covers children of low-income families, particularly rural, Native American, neglected, migrant, homeless and English language limited families. It provides for their long-term welfare by improving schools and resources available to them. It's goal is to close the achievement gap by setting benchmarks and goals to measure the progress of students. ]]> 2022-08-30 21:51:43 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276852785 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276856502 January 2, 1968]]> 2022-08-30 21:57:26 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276856502 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276859211 It recognized that the special education needs of the large numbers of children of limited English-speaking ability in the United States. ]]> 2022-08-30 22:01:47 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276859211 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276859289 2022-08-30 22:01:57 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276859289 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276861092 The Bilingual Education Act stipulated that the federal government would provide financial assistance for innovative bilingual programs. These funds would be used for the development, implementation, staffing, and training for these programs. This is noted as the first official federal recognition of the needs of students with limited English ability. ]]> 2022-08-30 22:04:40 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276861092 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276918346 May 25, 1970
September 27, 1991]]> 2022-08-30 23:44:37 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276918346 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276920146 The May 25, 1970 memo addresses the provision of the Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in regards to the identification of discrimination and denial of services on the basis of national origin. The September 27, 1991 memo addresses a school's obligation toward national origin minority students with limited-English proficiency. ]]> 2022-08-30 23:47:13 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276920146 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276920243 2022-08-30 23:47:22 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276920243 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276925580 These memos made sure that school districts established an identification process that would identify all LEP/ELL students who need assistance and if the identified students needed assistance, the student were being provided assistance. The updated memo was to ensure that schools were complying with their obligation under the Title VI regulations, to provide any alternative language programs necessary to ensure that LEP/ELL students have meaningful access to the school's programs. ]]> 2022-08-30 23:54:37 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276925580 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276927029 June 23, 1981]]> 2022-08-30 23:56:44 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276927029 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276930689 Mexican-American parents brought suit against the school district saying that the school district unlawfully discriminated against Mexican-Americans by using ability grouping, which was based on racially discriminatory criteria and that they discriminated in the hiring and promotion of Mexican-American faculty. ]]> 2022-08-31 00:01:33 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276930689 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276935009 The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled in favor or Castaneda and established a three-part assessment for determining how bilingual education programs would be held responsible for meeting the requirements of the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974. ]]> 2022-08-31 00:07:07 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276935009 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276936839 Castaneda v. Pickard helped advance the rights of bilingual education by establishing guidelines and requirements that schools had to follow to help students overcome language barriers. Furthermore the schools were responsible for providing adequate resources, materials, and teachers to support bilingual learning. ]]> 2022-08-31 00:09:10 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2276936839 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278455652 August 21, 1974]]> 2022-09-01 00:20:24 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278455652 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278460123 This new law addressed civil rights issues in education, barring states from discriminating against students based on gender, race, color, or nationality and required public schools to provide for students who do not speak English]]> 2022-09-01 00:24:02 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278460123 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278460642 2022-09-01 00:24:12 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278460642 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278467569 This law mandated that schools must offer both English classes for non-native speakers and classes in other subjects taught in students' native languages. Later on the Supreme Court ruled that, based on the EEOA, undocumented students not only had the right to attend public schools but were obligated to do so, the same as all American children.]]> 2022-09-01 00:29:48 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278467569 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278503327 The English Only Movement began in the early 1980's as an effort to change national immigration law and bilingual services.]]> 2022-09-01 00:59:40 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278503327 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278506248 It was originally introduced by supporters of the 1984 California initiative opposing bilingual ballots. ]]> 2022-09-01 01:02:07 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278506248 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278508324 2022-09-01 01:04:07 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278508324 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278519445 Studies have shown that there is little difference in academic outcomes for students in English-only programs over their performance prior to the passage of English-only laws. No achievement gaps between English learners and English speakers achievement were closed and they remain big. The laws do impact EL's access to qualified teachers. ]]> 2022-09-01 01:13:19 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278519445 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278521350 June 15, 1982]]> 2022-09-01 01:14:49 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278521350 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278527947 A revision of the Texas education laws in 1975 allowed the state to withhold from local school districts state funds for educating children of illegal aliens. The question was did the law violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.]]> 2022-09-01 01:19:17 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278527947 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278532041 The Supreme Court decided that states cannot constitutionally deny students a free public education on education on account of their immigration status. They found that any resources which might be saved from excluding undocumented children from public schools were far outweighed by the harms imposed on society at large from denying them an education.]]> 2022-09-01 01:22:16 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278532041 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278544095 Plyler v Doe insured that schools cannot close their doors to one of society's most marginalized groups. This ruling insured that denying public education based on class would not be allowed.]]> 2022-09-01 01:30:50 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278544095 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278553421 January 23, 2001]]> 2022-09-01 01:38:01 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278553421 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278556612 President George W. Bush proposed the use of federal aid to create a plan which would hold schools accountable for the educational outcomes of students. ]]> 2022-09-01 01:40:40 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278556612 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278556826 2022-09-01 01:40:52 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278556826 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278572087 The No Child Left Behind Act allowed local flexibility for choosing programs of instruction, while demanding greater accountability for ELL's English language and academic progress. States were now required to develop standards for English Language Proficiency and to link those standards to the state's Academic Content Standards.]]> 2022-09-01 01:52:53 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278572087 Date of Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278574532 December 10, 2015]]> 2022-09-01 01:54:55 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278574532 Reason for Legislation elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278580788 ESSA reauthorized the 50 year old Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This new law built on key areas of progress. The previous version of the law was the NCLB in 2002. The purpose of this was to provide all children significant opportunity to receive a fair, equitable, and high-quality education, and to close educational achievement gaps. ]]> 2022-09-01 01:59:55 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278580788 Decision Rendered elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278580939 2022-09-01 02:00:03 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278580939 Importance for EL's education elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278591046 NCLB demanded that schools must make sure that ELLs are part of their state's accountability system and that ELL's academic progress is followed over time. This ensured that their was an increased focus on setting higher expectations and accountability for ELL students.]]> 2022-09-01 02:07:52 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278591046 elizabethgurkin1 https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278605686 Colorín Colorado (2014) Colorín Colorado: Youtube Channel [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/user/colorincolorado/featured

Ell 101. Learning for Justice. (2017). Retrieved August 31, 2022, from https://www.learningforjustice.org/magazine/spring-2017/ell-101#:~:text=Federal%20Laws%20Protecting%20ELL%20Students&text=The%20Equal%20Educational%20Opportunities%20Act,language%20barriers%20for%20ELL%20students.

English learners family toolkit - ed. English Learner Family Toolkit. (n.d.). Retrieved August 24, 2022, from https://ncela.ed.gov/files/family_toolkit/EL-Family-Tool-Kit-All.pdf

]]> 2022-09-01 02:17:55 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2278605686 Teacher notes: https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301167126 Another key point here is that they provided funding to help with this.]]> 2022-09-17 19:08:36 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301167126 Teacher notes: https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301174793 You are correct and another key point here is that this memorandum prohibited the use of data related strictly to language as a key reason for assigning students to special education]]> 2022-09-17 19:23:58 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301174793 Teacher notes: https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301175624 The three part assessment is important here as well as this is where it became mandatory to screen ELs for language programs.

Three-part assessment:
• be based on sound educational theory and;

• Implemented with sufficient personnel, time, and resources

• evaluated to determine whether they are effective in helping students overcome language barriers

]]> 2022-09-17 19:25:57 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301175624 Teacher notes: https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301176107 Very good....and not just federally funded schools, but ALL schools in the US]]> 2022-09-17 19:27:00 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301176107 Teacher notes; https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301176647 The big idea here is that we must provide free educational services to all student regardless of citizenship.]]> 2022-09-17 19:28:21 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301176647 Teacher notes: https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301176865 Excellent!!]]> 2022-09-17 19:28:52 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301176865 Teacher notes: https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301177128 What is truly big here is the inclusion of parents in the process now and they have the right to opt-out their child if they want ot.]]> 2022-09-17 19:29:37 UTC https://padlet.com/elizabethgurkin1/6j1oa3eynu9qjl6a/wish/2301177128