https://padlet.com/lizquierdor05/6ilg9m9lrnvyuuf1 en-us 2023-03-10 21:58:58 UTC 2023-03-10 22:17:27 UTC hello@padlet.com lizquierdor05 https://padlet.com/lizquierdor05/6ilg9m9lrnvyuuf1/wish/2512366786
Illness: cancer
Causes:
Some types of cancer are caused by things that people do: Smoking increases the chances of developing cancer of the lungs, mouth, esophagus... Excessive alcohol consumption also increases the probability of developing cancer of the liver, stomach... 40% of cancers are due to the action of external agents that act on the organism, causing alterations in the cells. Due to the fact that they are external, they are modifiable. The person can modify their habits, preventing the body from coming into contact with these agents, such as avoiding tobacco use, reducing the dose of alcohol, exercising... In the rest of the cases, the mechanisms by which cancer is produced and developed are not exactly known. It is thought that it may be due to spontaneous gene mutations or by the action of some external factor that has not yet been identified. It is currently one of the main research topics.
Symptoms:
Breast changes
Feeling a lump or something solid in your breast or under your arm
Changes or discharges in the nipples
Red, scaly, sunken, or pitted and itchy skin
Bladder changes
Difficulty urinating
pain when urinating
Blood in the urine
Bleeding or bruising for no apparent reason
Changes in the intestine
blood in stool
Changes in bowel habits
Cough or hoarseness that does not go away
eating problems
Pain after eating (heartburn or indigestion that does not go away)
swallowing problems
Stomachache
nausea and vomiting
Appetite changes
Severe tiredness that lasts for a long time
Fever or night sweats for no reason
changes in the mouth
A white or red patch on the tongue or in the mouth
Bleeding, pain, or numbness in the lips or mouth
neurological problems
Headaches
seizures
vision changes
Hearing changes
Facial paralysis
skin changes
A flesh-colored lump that bleeds or becomes scaly
A new mole or a change in an existing mole
An irritation that does not heal
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or the whites of the eyes)
Swelling or lumps anywhere such as the neck, underarms, stomach, and groin
Gain or lose weight for no known reason.
Treatments:
Cancer treatments and how they work. Surgery Surgery is a common treatment for many types of cancer. During the operation, the surgeon removes a mass of cancer cells (tumor) and some of the surrounding tissue. Sometimes surgery is done to relieve side effects caused by a tumor. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy refers to drugs that are used to kill cancer cells. Drugs can be given orally, as an injection, or directly into a blood vessel (intravenously). Different types of drugs can be given together at the same time or one after the other. Radiotherapy Radiation therapy uses x-rays, radioactive particles or seeds to kill cancer cells. Cells of this type grow and divide faster than normal cells in the body. Because radiation is most damaging to rapidly growing cells, radiation therapy damages cancer cells more than normal cells. This prevents cancer cells from growing and dividing, leading to cell death. The two main types of radiation therapy are: External radiation therapy. This is the most common way. In it, X-rays or particles are directed at the tumor from outside the body. Internal radiotherapy. This form delivers radiation within his body. It can be delivered through radioactive seeds that are placed inside or near the tumor; a liquid or pill that you swallow; or through a vein (intravenous or IV). targeted therapies Targeted therapy uses drugs to keep cancer from growing and spreading. This purpose is achieved by causing less damage to normal cells than other treatments. Standard chemotherapy works by killing cancer cells and some normal cells. Targeted treatment focuses on specific targets (molecules) on cancer cells. These targets play a role in how cancer cells grow and survive. Using these targets, the drug incapacitates cancer cells so they can't spread. Targeted therapy drugs work in a few different ways. They can: Turn off the process in cancer cells that causes them to grow and spread Cause cancer cells to die on their own kill cancer cells directly Targeted therapies are given as a pill or through an IV.
Immunotherapy Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that relies on the body's ability to fight infection (immune system). This therapy uses substances made by the body or in a laboratory to help the immune system work harder or in a more focused way to fight cancer. This helps your body get rid of cancer cells. Immunotherapy works by: Stop or slow the growth of cancer cells Prevent cancer from spreading to other parts of the body Boost the immune system's ability to kill cancer cells These drugs were designed to seek out and attack certain parts of a cancer cell. Some have toxins or radioactive substances attached to them. Immunotherapy is given through an injection or through an IV. hormone therapy Hormone therapy is used to treat cancers that are fueled by hormones, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, or ovarian cancer. This therapy uses drugs to stop or block the body's natural hormones. This helps slow the growth of cancer cells. Surgery involves removing organs that make hormones: the ovaries or the testicles. The drugs are given through an IV or as pills. hyperthermia Hyperthermia uses heat to damage and kill cancer cells without harming normal cells. Can be used for: A small patch of cells, like a tumor Parts of the body, such as an organ or limb the whole body Heat is applied through a machine outside the body or through a needle or probe placed into the tumor. laser therapy Laser therapy uses a very narrow, focused beam of light to destroy cancer cells. Laser therapy can be used:
Destroy tumors and precancerous neoplasms Shrink tumors that are blocking the stomach, colon, or esophagus Help treat symptoms of cancer, such as bleeding Seal nerve endings after surgery to reduce pain Seal lymph vessels after surgery to reduce swelling and prevent tumor cells from spreading Laser therapy is often delivered through a thin, lighted tube that is placed inside the body. Thin fibers at the end of the tube direct the light at the cancer cells. Lasers are also used on the skin. In most cases, lasers are used in conjunction with other types of cancer treatments such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. photodynamic therapy In photodynamic therapy, a person is injected with a drug that is sensitive to a special type of light. The drug stays in cancer cells longer than it does in healthy cells. A doctor then directs light from a laser or other source at the cancer cells. The light turns the medicine into a substance that kills cancer cells. cryotherapy Also called cryosurgery, this type of therapy uses extremely cold gas to freeze and kill cancer cells. It is sometimes used to treat cells that could become cancer (called precancerous cells) in the skin or cervix, for example. Doctors can also use a special instrument to apply cryotherapy to tumors inside the body, such as tumors in the liver or prostate.


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