Phase 1 Sungai Way by Group1 Sem2 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1 Group 1 en-us 2022-03-23 16:49:31 UTC 2023-02-28 14:43:58 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f3d9.png Accessibility rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117231136 Active transport – including walking for transport– [1,2,3,4] is both health-promoting and supports sustainable living [5, 6]. A growing body of international evidence [7,8,9,10], shows the built environment plays an important role in creating pedestrian-friendly neighbourhoods that promote walking and reduce chronic disease risk factors.
A number of built environment features are consistently shown to facilitate transport walking around residential homes, which are the origins of many walking trips. These include: highly connected streets, high population density, mixed land use and good access to destinations and transit, and sidewalk provision

Gunn, Lucy Dubrelle, et al. "Designing healthy communities: creating evidence on metrics for built environment features associated with walkable neighbourhood activity centres." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 14.1 (2017): 1-12.


Within the existing evidence on the importance of neighborhood environmental attributes for active transport, more attention has been given to active transport to school than to other forms of active transport [27, 28]. A recent review of D’Haese et al. (unpublished data) showed that in a number of studies high neighborhood walkability, absence of freeway crossings, high land use mix accessibility and high neighborhood safety were associated with higher levels of active transport to school in children. Nevertheless, no consistent results were found concerning the association between active transport to school and other neighborhood environmental attributes like: land use mix diversity, street connectivity, the availability of walking and cycling infrastructure, the presence of sidewalks and cycle tracks, altitude differences, aesthetics, crime and traffic safety, recreational facilities and the degree of urbanization. Furthermore, no definite conclusions could be drawn with regard to the contribution of neighborhood built environmental attributes to explain active transport during leisure time (e.g. to visit friends).

De Meester, Femke, et al. "Parental perceived neighborhood attributes: associations with active transport and physical activity among 10–12 year old children and the mediating role of independent mobility." BMC public health 14.1 (2014): 1-14.


In particular, Healthy Neighborhoods believes that the health of any given neighborhood is dependent upon factors such as the availability of housing that is safe, lead-free, and affordable, healthy and accessible food, places to exercise safely, training and employment opportunities, good medical care, and social supports.
This also holds true when layering two different categories over each other such as food access and neighborhood safety. It might be intuitive that the clusters of food access will not overlap with clusters of neighborhood safety. If they do, this could tell Healthy Neighborhoods to ask a question in a future focus group like, do you ever feel unsafe buying groceries? If yes, why? Answers might inform healthy neighborhoods that a barrier to food access is lack of neighborhood safety. 
By assessing what the most popular places where people go to eat, we can figure out what kind of food they are eating and question whether or not these options qualify as “healthy.”

Robert, Cata, Emily Halford, and Abby Myers. "Healthy Neighborhoods: Engaging Residents in Neighborhood Assessment." (2018).

]]> 2022-03-28 14:01:53 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117231136 Crime and Safety joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117250028 Like housing and health, safety is another basic need as everyone desires to live in a crime-free and safe neighbourhood. Crime is a violation of law and order, usually against a person or property. A high crime rate and unsafe environment can only result in fear and worry about the neighbourhood. It is impossible to bring about a good quality of life in an area with a high crime rate, even if other living conditions are satisfied. Indicators of crime and safety domain are expected to measure a neighbourhood’s safety level.

Indicators of the safety domain can be grouped into three types of measures.
Almost all case studies use crime rate to indicate the frequency of crime in an area. This measure is often applied to different types of crime, including violence, homicide, property crime, sexual assaults, and child abuse. Incidents of injuries/accidents and poisoning form another type of safety indicator. The third type measures the efforts made by local governments towards safety neighbourhoods. For example, some studies use the population per police officer to indicate the availability of the police, and government expenditure on police to measure the economic availability as a result of the government’s response to the area.


Sun, Y. S., "Crime and Safety Indicators." Development of Neighbourhood Quality of Life Indicators, University of Saskatchewan, 2005, pp. 21-29.]]> 2022-03-28 14:09:45 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117250028 Housing Affordability lyesuchin97 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117279470 Malaysian government has a special commitment to provide the adequate, affordable housing and quality to all income levels, particularly for low-income group. Over the recent years, Malaysian property market was not balance in terms of supply and demand, where the demand is exceeding supply especially for low-cost housing. The first objective of this paper is to study the relationship between household income and housing affordability. Besides, the second objective is to examine housing satisfaction level by the residents focusing on the public low-cost flats under the supervision of Kuala Lumpur City Hall.

Housing affordability is the term used to describe medium- and low-income housing.. Housing
affordability is a concept that interprets socio-economic and development environments. According to Suhaida and Tawil (2010), it can be considered as a household selection decision function between housing and non-housing product expenditure

The aim for this paper is to examine housing satisfaction level by the residents focusing on the public low-cost flats under the management of Kuala Lumpur City Hall (KLCH). This paper has addressed the housing issue within the PPR low cost housing.

Mohd-Rahim, F. A., Zainon, N., Sulaiman, S., Lou, E., & Zulkifli, N. H. (2019). Factors affecting the ownership of low-cost housing for socio-economic development in Malaysia. Journal of Building Performance, 10(1), 1-16.]]> 2022-03-28 14:22:40 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117279470 Socio-economic lyesuchin97 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117323252 The socio-economic characteristics of neighbourhoods’ impact health as they are underlying factors of disadvantage and competition for scarce resources among neighbours; trust, social capital and collective action which can overcome challenges; and ‘contagious’ or ‘epidemic’
behaviours that make neighbours engage in similar behaviours (Smelser & Baltes 2001)

The overall focus in this category and touched upon by all studies was on mental health conditions (e.g. depression, anxiety, self-reported health, etc.) (five studies), health-risk behaviour (e.g. smoking, physical inactivity and early sex initiation) (two studies), and wellbeing (e.g. social health, loneliness) (four studies) outcomes. 

Turcu, C., Crane, M., Hutchinson, E., Lloyd, S., Belesova, K., Wilkinson, P., & Davies, M. (2021). A multi-scalar perspective on health and urban housing: an umbrella review. Buildings & cities, 2(1), 734.

]]> 2022-03-28 14:41:30 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117323252 Facilities rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117341097 Also, Dines, Cattell, Gesler and Curtis (2006) argues that the presence of CFs helps people to be attached to their locality as well as presents the opportunities of meeting with other people. And these play vital roles in enhancing the lives of residents (Rabinowitz, 2012); as many of these facilities play varied roles in neighbourhoods. For instance, whilst the libraries and museum open doors to knowledge, ideas and culture; the health of residents are safe guarded by medical facilities. Furthermore, the transportation facilities offer mobility and access in a more convenient way to residents; in addition, the green parks provide green spaces. Combining all these together, help in enhancing the quality of life of the people ‘socially, intellectually, culturally, economically, politically and psychologically’ (Rabinowitz, 2012).
Highlighting the importance and roles CFs play, Montgomery (2005); Dines, Cattell, Gesler and Curtis (2006) and Rabinowitz (2012); noted that these facilities help improve the general quality of life in the community by providing outdoor life for residents. They also provide an avenue for physical, intellectual and cultural activities through sports, music and provide chances for experiences. Furthermore, CFs instils a sense of community pride and an opportunity for residents to pay attention to the maintenance of the community. Again, it provides services for all, especially in the area of commuting, as well as preventing crime through active participation of residents.

Fakere, Alexander A., and Dorcas A. Ayeni. "Communal Facilities and Residential Neighbourhoods in Akure, Nigeria." Civil and Environmental Research 3.1 (2013): 48-56.


There are several ways on how density may impact on sustainability. Areas with  higher  density  would  give  the  opportunity  to  have  better  access  to services  and  local  facilities. Bramley et al. (2010, p. 111) stated that “there are reasons to expect access to services to be better in denser urban forms,  while  the  quality  of neighbourhood environment,  community  and social interaction may be less good in denser areas”. It was also claimed that higher density would promote commercial viability and  therefore  revived  public  realm.  Similarly,  Dempsey  et.al (2012) also claimed that residential density impacts several aspects of social 
sustainability  and positive  influence  on  the  use  of  local  services  and facilities is the most obvious.  However, Bramley and Power (2009) argued that  in  terms  of  quality  of 
neighbourhood environment,  community,  and social interaction it may  be better in lower density areas. 
In terms of social interaction, higher density may provide more possibilities for people to meet each  other  on  the  street  than  slower  density  areas.  However,  beyond  a certain  level,  high  densities  may  make people  feel that  their  personal  space 
is  compromised  and  the  sheer  number  of  people  makes  for  anonymity. Lower   densities   provide   less   potential   for 
spontaneous  interaction  and  lead  to  greater  dependency  on  car  travel.

Rani, Wan Nurul Mardiah Wan Mohd. "Evaluating the impact of Density on Access to Local Facilities in Urban Neighbourhoods." PLANNING MALAYSIA 12 (2014).


Campaigns to improve diets or increase exercise or social contacts should target not only individ- uals but also public and private sector provision of a range of facilities including food retailing, social facilities, public transport, street lighting and cleaning, and policing. Intersectoral co-oper- ation may be crucial to providing a health pro- moting locality; policing or transport may be as important as the provision of health services (for example reducing policing in a public park may render it unsafe for women and children to use it, and reducing bus services may render people more dependent on relatively expensive local stores which do not stock a wide range of healthy foodstuffs).

MacIntyre, Sally, and Anne Ellaway. "Short reportSocial and local variations in the use of urban neighbourhoods: a case study in Glasgow." Health & place 4.1 (1998): 91-94.


Often there is a lack of recreational facilities, play grounds and opportunities for physical activity. In addition,environmental health risks such as high traffic load, heightend burden of noice and pollution and poor safety levels are often present in such neighbourhoods.

Westenhöfer, Joachim, Johanna Buchcik, and Jana Borutta. "Healthy Neighbourhoods: Health Promotion and Prevention in Urban Neighbourhoods." Proceedings 5th CARPE Conference: Horizon Europe and beyond. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019.
]]> 2022-03-28 14:49:34 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117341097 Urban Planning rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117379065 Considering the significance of neighborhood planning on reducing carbon emissions, we proposed low-carbon neighborhood planning technologies from six aspects: layout planning, traffic planning, architecture planning and design, environment planning, municipal engineer- ing planning and construction management.
In summary, the aim of building a neighborhood low-carbon indicator system is not only to guide the construction of low- carbon neighborhood but also to provide the neighborhood resi- dents a harmonious, comfortable, green and healthy life.

Wang, Xiaoming, et al. "Low-carbon neighborhood planning technology and indicator system." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 57 (2016): 1066-1076.


Enumerating the key characteristics of “Age-Friendly” cities, the World Health Organization lists out the following aspects which are the key elements, also termed as “City Elements”, which are desirable for a better neighborhood design. It comprises of housing, transportation, social participation, community support and health services, communication and information, social participation, civic participation and employment, and outdoor spaces and buildings, which include parks and open spaces.

Dash, Shanta Pragyan. "TO STUDY THE IMPACT OF NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING ON HEALTHY AGEING." International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology29.2 (2020): 3439-3453.


Under these significant transitions, sustainable challenges, such as declining social capital, urban sprawl, traffic congestion, environmental deterioration, declining urban culture, land overdevelopment and social inequality, etc., have put neighborhood sustainability issues in the spotlight.
To develop sustainable neighborhoods in China, identifying the major obstacles that hinder neighborhood planning development becomes more significant and urgent. Particularly, the strong association between policies, urban planning and sustainable development in China highlighted the significant effect of institutional elements. Theoretically, decentralization and community empowerment, public participation, cultivation of community sense, iterative and adaptive planning etc. were the four main aspects in which neighborhood sustainability can be affected institutionally. But these aspects may vary from country to country because of different local context.

Zhang, Qi, Esther Hiu Kwan Yung, and Edwin Hon Wan Chan. "Towards sustainable neighborhoods: Challenges and opportunities for neighborhood planning in transitional urban China." Sustainability 10.2 (2018): 406.
]]> 2022-03-28 15:05:14 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117379065 BM: Healthy Neighbourhood Design lyesuchin97 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117388674 There are three key healthy neighbourhood design elements:
I. complete: a variety and mix of land uses are available in the community
II. compact: the community is concentrated, not spread thinly over a large area
III. connected: the layout makes it convenient and pleasant to get to destinations

Why is healthy neighbourhood design important for health and well-being?
1. Enables physical activity
2. Encourages healthy eating
3. Increases social capital and safety
4. Strengthens social connections and improves access to services

Why does healthy neighbourhood design matter for local governments?
1. Develop community plans with goals and principles for health and well-being, accessibility, and active transportation.
2. Design policies and guidelines that emphasize street connectivity, mixed land use, and human-scaled developments in existing town centres.
 3. Zoning can facilitate the development of buildings that provide end-of-trip amenities such as secure bike parking, showers, and lockers; require that buildings face the street to create a walkable and safe environment; and locate a mix of uses in neighbourhoods to increase housing affordability and provide residents with services nearby.
4. Develop plans to address the needs of different populations in the community.

]]> 2022-03-28 15:09:33 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117388674 Case Study : DesaParkcity , KL lyesuchin97 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117413392
KL'S MOST LIVABLE COMMUNITY
In 1999, ParkCity acquired the 473-acre Desa ParkCity site. From a barren quarry mine, the site has become the cradle of one of Malaysia’s top selling communities. Today, the multiple award-winning master-plan of Desa ParkCity is regarded by many as innovative, imaginative and successful model for a lively, safe, sustainable and healthy community.

Desa ParkCity is truly a self-contained township, centered on the ideals of good, wholesome living, where its residents are able to foster family, neighborhood and community ties.

1. Separated & shaded sidewalk
2. Jogging & cycling tracks with intermittent rest stops
3. With massive greenery and natural lighting, Park Place is  providing a holistic lifestyle combining work, social and privacy to the home.
4. Desa ParkCity are a great place to stay due to the urban green spaces, accessibility, and a large number of amenities.

]]> 2022-03-28 15:21:26 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117413392 Physical Health joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117450907 As reviewed above, there is substantial evidence that living in deprived neighbourhood is associated with poor physical health and it is also reasonable to assume that health-related QOL is influenced by actual physical health. Additionally, the neighbourhood deprivation index, SIMD, also incorporated some health statistics such as mortality rate, substance abuse, and number of emergency admissions to hospital, possibly creating some overlap in content. Indeed, the association between the physical aspect of QOL and neighbourhood deprivation appeared to be to some extent mediated by the number diseases that people had been diagnosed with.


Mõttus, R., Gale, C. R., Starr, J. M., & Deary, I. J. (2012). “On the street where you live”: Neighbourhood deprivation and quality of life among community-dwelling older people in Edinburgh, Scotland. Social Science & Medicine, 74(9), 1368–1374. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.050 ]]> 2022-03-28 15:39:02 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117450907 Cleanness joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117477286 We designed a survey that integrates 22 items grouped into 5 dimensions (cleanness, visual aesthetics, landscape and nature, feeling of pressure, feeling of safety), as well as the socio-demographic attributes of the participants. Safety and cleanness related factors are considered in many studies, our findings confirm prior research as items related to the feeling of safety and cleanness appear to play a key role on the PNW. In this regard, factors related to safety have been found to play a substantial role in walking, especially for women.


Saadi, Ismaïl, et al. "A participatory assessment of perceived neighbourhood walkability in a small urban environment." Sustainability 14.1 (2021): 206.]]> 2022-03-28 15:51:14 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2117477286 MBPJ 2020 Legislation amirahmarzuki9293 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2118496840 2022-03-29 03:25:06 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2118496840 The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic-Driven Home Behavior in Housing Preference lyesuchin97 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2119446327 The pandemic situation creates a new standard of a healthy residential building where building should able to provide anxiety-reducing elements: boundaries and green open space. Public policies regarding healthy building standards are also needed to ensure a healthier living environment is accessible to all.

A. Real estate in the context of pandemic
Housing preferences were determined initially from the accessibility to public transportation modes and the toll road, shopping centres, schools, and hospitals before the pandemic. However, the social restriction policy forces people to work from home and closed offices and commercial place. Thus, the accessibility to public transportation modes may no longer be the primary determinant of people's housing preferences because there is no need to commute to offices and commercial places.

B. Housing preferences
People now have reduced participation in communal activities outside their homes. They also began rearranging expenses to cope with the uncertainty of the future while still making use of space available for the multi-activities that the whole family member, or occupants living in that house, might require.These adjustments are translated into three aspects: fear of meeting people, fear of economic recession, and the stay-at-home lifestyle.

Fear of meeting people
Residential types with common service areas are deprived of control on the surrounding external factor. Bumping into someone is common and unavoidable in apartment. High-density residences should accommodate the minimum housing density standard to provide a healthy living environment. The circulation and common areas should be supervised to ensure no crowding inside closed spaces.
Fear of economic recession
The economic recession should not affect the affordability of having a healthy and well-designed home. Governments play an essential role in ensuring healthy building standards for residential buildings.
Stay at Home’ Lifestyle
The size of the house, the existence of outdoor living space and greeneries , the green scenery , and the quality of indoor living space are significant in determining the occupant's health . Likewise, low-quality homes increase the symptoms of depression during quarantine.Therefore, people who live in apartments and have no option to relocate are suggested to create more green and open spaces, such as vertical gardens and natural ventilation through windows.

C. Homeowner’s need for control
From the architectural point of view, the need to avoid public activities and spaces is defined as having physical boundaries. At the same time, the fear of economic recessions means more demands toward an affordable and energy-efficient building design.In addition, the stay-at-home lifestyle requires adequate indoor and outdoor spaces to ensure a comfortable place that could equally well accommodate various activities.

Muhyi, M. M., & Adianto, J. (2021). Literature Review: The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic-Driven Home Behavior in Housing Preference. Smart City, 1(1), 2.]]> 2022-03-29 14:13:23 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2119446327 qiyeonglee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2120967327 Issues and Challenges & Sustainable design for affordable housing]]> 2022-03-30 07:36:05 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2120967327 National Housing Policies (2018 -2025) qiyeonglee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121023367 5 Main Focus:
1) Ensuring Good Quality Housing For All
2) Improving Accessibility & affordability of housing
3) Ensuring Quality and Cohesive Neighbourhoods
4) Improving Housing and Transportation coordination for better quality of life
5) Strengthening Institutional Capabilities to deliver NHP

Strategies:
1)  Improving Affordable Housing Provision Based on Locality and Needs
a) Increase the supply of affordable housing
b) Developing localised housing affordability threshold
c) Review Housing Component Cost
d) Shifting the development of affordable houses towards Build-then-Sell (BTS)
e) Encourage the construction of Retirement Village that can offer a good quality of life for senior citizen.

2) Improving affordable housing financing accessibility
a) In addition, financing facilities including the Fund for Affordable Housing, Youth Housing Scheme and Rent-to-Own Program (RTO) will be improved to ensure the B40 and M40 are not burdened by instalment payments.
b)In providing housing assistance to the poor, the Government will allocate RM2.25 billion in the Twelfth Plan. This allocation is to build and repair 85,500 houses under the Housing Assistance Programme, involving 75,000 houses in the rural area and almost 10,500 houses in the urban area. These do not include houses built by the state governments, corporate sector and civil society organisations (CSOs).
c) Incentives given to buyers and developers

3) Ensuring Good Quality Housing for All
a) Implementing sustainable design in affordable housing (eg. Building Orientation, Natural ventilation, vehicle Movement at the Building Site, Access for Disabled-Friendly Housing Units and Parking Spaces, Landscaping,Improve biodiversity and encourage more green open spaces)
b) Smart City Growth Model https://www.kpkt.gov.my/kpkt/resources/user_1/GALERI/PDF_PENERBITAN/FRAMEWORK/Malaysia_Smart_City_Handbook_21062021_Final.pdf

4) Strengthening Institutional Capabilities to deliver National Housing Policy
a) Establishing an integrated housing database system
b) Centralisation of affordable housing initiatives

5) Ensuring Quality and Cohesive Neighborhoods
a) Strengthening management and maintenance of public and low cost private housing ( Housing Management Corporation)
b) Providing and maintaining quality amenities and services in residential neighborhood to support community life.
c) Revitalizing the role and vibrancy of communities in strengthening neighborhood quality

6)Improving Housing and Transportation Coordination for Better Quality of Life
a) Streamlining housing and sectorial planning process in regional, structure, local and special area plans. And increase the effectiveness of public participation
b) Strengthening the capacity of state and local authorities to monitor and integrate housing and transportation considerations at the planning and implementation levels.

]]> 2022-03-30 08:15:00 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121023367 Supporting Data for National Housing Policy qiyeonglee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121032028 2022-03-30 08:21:11 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121032028 amirahmarzuki9293 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121581246 2022-03-30 14:14:34 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121581246 amirahmarzuki9293 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121581621 2022-03-30 14:14:44 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121581621 National Community Policy by MHLG qiyeonglee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121796043 8 Main Areas 
1) Infrastructure & Maintenance 
2) Health, Environment & Cleanlliness
3) Safety
4) Education & Skills
5) Concern towards children, elderly, persons with disabilities (PWD),Women, Single mothers and the Indigent
6) Entrepreneurship
7) Social Services
8) Sport and Recreation]]> 2022-03-30 15:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2121796043 Sleeping quality and quantity joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137202602 When the sleep pattern is off from its normal rhythm, it automatically sets to less sleep and less quality of sleep  which  contributes  to  poor  performances in doing their tasks (Khan, 2014). The circadian rhythm dips for an adult usually starts at 2.00 am to 4.00 am whereas in the afternoon, it would be occurring from 1.00 pm to 3.00 pm (both periods are the strongest derive  for  an  adult  to  feel  sleepy  (National Sleep Foundation,  2018). Thus, if an adult 
could not meet their  own needs to sleep at this hour, it would disturb the body’s biological clock. This would lead to the adult to feel it hard to go to sleep after they had finished their shift  if they try to stay awake during those two crucial  periods. In conclusion, sleeping pattern and enough sleeping hours for an individual to perform their daily tasks are vital in keeping their cognitive abilities on track. 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332041825_The_Relationship_Between_Workers%27_Health_and_Night_Shift_Work_in_Food_Franchise_Industry_in_Kuching_Sarawak_Malaysia



The effects of shift work occur most obviously on sleep, affecting both quality and quantity. Due to sleeping during the day, night shift workers have to sleep during the normal rising phase of the circadian rhythm, and this prolongs the period of feeling wakeful. Environmental conditions such as lighting, and noise can also further disturb sleep and exacerbate the period of wakefulness.

https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Are-the-Health-Effects-of-Working-Night-Shifts.aspx

]]> 2022-04-09 06:48:43 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137202602 Metabolic Syndrome joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137203119 Night work and fatigue may also contribute to the risk of heart disease and cancer, according to research by Violanti, Vila and colleagues (Policing, Vol. 30, No. 2). Working with 98 Buffalo, N.Y., police officers, the researchers looked for metabolic syndrome — a combination of symptoms that contribute to poor heart health and diabetes. They found that the officers who most frequently worked the 8 p.m.-to-4 a.m. shift were four times more likely than other officers to have metabolic syndrome.

https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/01/night-work]]> 2022-04-09 06:50:40 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137203119 Car crash accident joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137204349  
Fatigue, poor sleep quality and dangerous drives home were found in nurses who could not adapt to shift work. A descriptive study of 12 nurses in the USA who fell asleep while driving home indicated that although they were scared, they could not address this problem. In Greece a study of 163 nurses assigned to non-day shift work found increased unsafe driving incidents and accidents. In another study in the USA, 895 nurses were asked to keep a log book of shifts, hours worked, and drowsy driving incidents. Working the night shift was associtated with having a shorter duration of sleep, difficulty remaining awake at work and increased drowsiness while driving.

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.877.5088&rep=rep1&type=pdf



In fact, any worker who must drive while tired — whether it’s on the job or driving home after a night shift — is at risk. In 2004, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reported that car crashes are the top cause of occupational fatalities, accounting for 22 percent of work-related deaths between 1992 and 2001. In 7 percent of those cases, drowsiness or falling asleep while driving was cited as a primary factor in the crash. But other factors such as driver inattention, speeding and running off the road can also be influenced by fatigue, the institute found.


https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/01/night-work]]> 2022-04-09 06:53:22 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137204349 Psychological and Mental Health joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137206640 According to these studies, shift workers experience nervousness, irritability, and anxiety as the consequences of the most stressful working conditions. Due to the persistent disturbance of the circadian rhythm as well as a growing sleep deficit, workers may experience chronic fatigue, neuroticism, chronic anxiety, and depression, as well as mood disorders. As well as this, night shift workers also experienced higher absenteeism and some required treatment with psychotropic drugs including sedatives.

https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Are-the-Health-Effects-of-Working-Night-Shifts.aspx

]]> 2022-04-09 07:00:06 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137206640 Gastrointestinal System joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137207271 Although the total quantity of food ingested by shift workers does not affect total energy intake, the frequency and timing of eating often differ. Moreover, night shift workers may sometimes consume foods with greater fat and carbohydrate content as a result of sleep deprivation, as well as snacking more frequently during short breaks.

After sleeping, between 20 and 75% of overnight shift workers versus 10 to 25% of day workers experience digestive troubles. These are associated with the mismatch between mealtimes and gastrointestinal functions which are determined by the circadian phase.

Moreover, night shift workers tend to ingest food of reduced quality and composition i.e., those with a higher preservative content, as seen in pre-packed and highly processed foods.

https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Are-the-Health-Effects-of-Working-Night-Shifts.aspx]]> 2022-04-09 07:01:53 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137207271 Hormones joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137210973 When an individual stay awakes during the whole night and  also tries to sleep during the daylight, the hormones and chemicals in the body system are being disrupted due to the contradict sleeping pattern as our hormone usually starts to develop and neutralizes  on  its  own  during  the  night  time 
(Khan, 2014).

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332041825_The_Relationship_Between_Workers%27_Health_and_Night_Shift_Work_in_Food_Franchise_Industry_in_Kuching_Sarawak_Malaysia
]]> 2022-04-09 07:12:59 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137210973 Light reduction joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137214917 Previous research has established that you can delay the circadian clock by about one or two hours per day. To determine that, researchers measure the body’s circadian rhythm by monitoring "dim-light melatonin onset," or the time at which the pineal gland begins to secrete melatonin, which is triggered by the circadian clock. Normally, it kicks in a couple hours before people are ready to sleep. "It’s an output that’s a way of seeing what the circadian clock is doing," Eastman says. "It’s a very good marker of the phase of the time of the clock."
By exposing experimental subjects to intermittent bright light during their night shifts and having them wear sunglasses on their way home and sleeping in very dark bedrooms, Eastman and her team have found that within about a week, they can shift someone’s circadian rhythm to align perfectly with working a night shift and sleeping during the day.

https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/01/night-work
]]> 2022-04-09 07:23:22 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137214917 Fertility and Miscarriage joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137222045 This review summarizes the evidence concerning effects of night shift work on women's reproductive health, specifically difficulty in conceiving and miscarriage. Night shift work may give rise to menstrual cycle disturbances, but effect sizes are imprecise. Endometriosis may be elevated in night shift workers, but evidence is only preliminary. The weight of evidence begins to point to working at night, whether in fixed or rotating shifts, as a risk factor for miscarriage.

https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0036-1571354]]> 2022-04-09 07:41:29 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137222045 Family responsibility joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137224736 A study of 243 female nurses in Turkey found work demands, rotating shifts, and overtime caused family conflicts and lowered life/job satisfaction. A survey was conducted with 60 female nurses in India where the common practice is shift rotation every 7 days. The nurses reported difficulties in meeting family responsibilities and attending social functions, getting sufficient sleep, and a lack of family cooperation. In 1997, a survey of 745 Korean hospital nurses found that those working evening and night shift rotations had poorer physical/mental health and insufficient family/leisure time. A 2009 qualitative study of night shift nurses in Brazil identified problems in social, personal and family matters. At the same time, the nurses found it beneficial to have increased time for activities outside of work.

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.877.5088&rep=rep1&type=pdf



Particularly at risk from a domestic point of view are those shift workers who arc still expected to run a household and look after the children (Gadbois 1981). These shift workers are often 'working wives', and husbands should realize that this can severely cut into the sleep time of the shift worker, and will thus increase irritability and family tensions.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02678378808259160

]]> 2022-04-09 07:48:57 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137224736 Relationships and Marriages joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137225853 A potential risk concerned the weakening of relationships with one’s spouse or significant other. One woman described her marriage as a “strained normal”. One newly married nurse said her husband came home shortly before she had to leave for work. She coped in making dinner and “dressing up.” She created “special times” together before she had to “hurry off to work”. Relationship issues ranged from “supportive” to “stressed out” to “I hope this doesn’t cause a divorce!” Planning special times together on a regular basis was a way to cope. As one said “I make sure that we go out together at least once a week, even if it’s just to take a walk and talk”.

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.877.5088&rep=rep1&type=pdf]]> 2022-04-09 07:51:54 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137225853 Social Isolation joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137226226 The participants experienced degrees of social isolation from old friends due to differences inherent in day and night work. One man said “I have all I can do to work, go to school, and help with the kids. My wife also works full time days. Forget social things. We gave that up for now.” Coping included staying connected by social media and making new friends at work.

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.877.5088&rep=rep1&type=pdf]]> 2022-04-09 07:53:00 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137226226 Other coping strategies joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137227210 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.877.5088&rep=rep1&type=pdf]]> 2022-04-09 07:55:38 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137227210 Sleep environment joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137231741 Shift workers should jealously guard the time set aside for their sleep. This time should be regular and predictable, and free from social or other commitments. During that time, telephones, doorbells and domestic appliances should be silenced. Heavy curtains and thick carpets should be used to help make the bedroom as quiet and as dark as possible. The bedroom should be used only for sleep and lovemaking.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02678378808259160]]> 2022-04-09 08:07:12 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137231741 Exercise joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137233871 A majority of the nurses suggested that their normal exercise patterns and activities were also altered by night work. Obtaining adequate time to exercise was found to be more difficult while working nights unless mealtime during the night shift was spent “walking rather than eating.” Approximately half the nurses did not exercise regularly, but those who did attempted to maintain their exercise regime by walking during night working hours. Those who did walk during the night shift also felt that exercise increased their vigilance and alertness.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/07420529609020916]]> 2022-04-09 08:13:09 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137233871 Noise reduction joeeylee https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137234730 The majority of nurses in the focus groups suggested that daytime sleep was improved if a quiet environment was maintained. Most also suggested that this was difficult to accomplish. Answering machines and thick draperies were routinely used to reduce outside noise and light. Fans and radios were also regularly used to produce “white noise,” which the subjects stated helped them sleep. Earplugs were not considered as a strategy by the nurses interviewed even though routine daytime noise prevented sleep. Most subjects with young children noted that their presence in the home during day hours prevented adequate sleep. If possible, the spouses removed the children from the home while the shiftworker subject was sleeping. If this was not possible, most noted that their sleep was impaired, either because of increased noise levels or because of the workers’ desire to see their children during the day. The majority of nurses admitted that they did without sleep when young children were in the home.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/07420529609020916]]> 2022-04-09 08:15:48 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137234730 Biophilic Architecture rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137272184 Contemporary cities have high stress levels, mental health issues, high crime levels and ill health, while the built environment shows increasing problems with urban heat island effects and air and water pollution. Emerging from these concerns is a new set of design principles and practices where nature needs to play a bigger part called “biophilic architecture”. This design approach asserts that humans have an innate connection with nature that can assist to make buildings and cities more effective human abodes. This paper examines the evidence for this innate human psychological and physiological link to nature and then assesses the emerging research supporting the multiple social, environmental and economic benefits of biophilic architecture.

Soderlund, Jana, and Peter Newman. "Biophilic architecture: a review of the rationale and outcomes." AIMS environmental science 2.4 (2015): 950-969.
]]> 2022-04-09 09:53:16 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137272184 Work Ability rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137273604 The concept of Work Ability, which has been developed as an important multi-factor concept that can be used to identify workers at risk for an imbalance between health, personal resources and work demands, has the potential to mitigate the decrease in work ability of office workers while aging. The framework for modeling the work ability of the office worker, described at a conceptual level in this work, is grounded in a holistic multidimensional model which accounts for both the cognitive and physical resources of the individual, and factors related to work and the environment outside of work. AI tools for prediction and risk assessment allow for dimension specific decision support and intervention, including on-the-fly flexible work management, coping with stress at work, and on-demand training.

Kocsis, Otilia, et al. "Conceptual architecture of a multi-dimensional modeling framework for older office workers." Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments. 2019.]]> 2022-04-09 09:56:55 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137273604 Elderly worker rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137274011 Europe is being severely challenged by the ageing of the population, and although for well over a decade now is looking for strategies to effectively increase the labour force participation of older workers and reduce the rates of early retirement and labour market exit, the unemployment amongst older people remains particularly high. The design and realization of age-friendly living and working environments is a huge challenge that we have just only started to address as the number of older citizens who are and want to continue being active members of society and live independently is constantly increasing. This paper introduces the SmartWork project, which aims at building a worker-centric Artificial Intelligence system for work ability sustainability, integrating unobtrusive sensing and modelling of the worker state with a suite of novel services for context and worker-aware adaptive work support.

Kocsis, Otilia, et al. "Smartwork: designing a smart age-friendly living and working environment for office workers." Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments. 2019.]]> 2022-04-09 09:57:59 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137274011 Fitness rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137292837 The intent of this proposal is to create a prototypical office building that promotes health and individual well-being. The architecture will focus on the needs and concerns of each worker in relation to their physical, emotional and spiritual health. Due to the fast-paced American lifestyle, individual health is suffering. The rates of obesity and depression in the United States are skyrocketing and architecture has an obligation to address this urgent issue in terms of design.

Recommended Citation
Parris, Emily, "The fittingness of fitness: the movement of architecture at a human scale: a reinvention of the typical workplace" (2007). Architecture Theses. 4. 
https://docs.rwu.edu/archthese/4
]]> 2022-04-09 10:46:37 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137292837 Activity Pattern rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137295376 In this paper we use an individual-based model of disease transmission to assess how an epidemic is influenced by worker density and activity level, the probability of disease transmission, and the structural organization of the nest. First, we observed in our model a nonlinear interaction between worker density and the probability of disease transmission: high levels of both factors interact to enhance the likelihood of an epidemic. Additionally, when we incorporated in our model the empirical observation that only a fraction of the worker population in social insect colonies is active at any given point in time, results suggested that relatively low levels of worker movement can have a significant impact on the spread of disease, slowing its transmission through the colony. Finally, we found that nests having even a simple spatial separation of chambers could delay the spread of infection and diminish the severity of an outbreak. The effect of nest structure in delaying infection spread became more pronounced as nest architecture became increasingly unidimensional, as in the case of simple gallery nests. Therefore, nest architecture and worker activity patterns might indeed exert considerable influence on the dynamics of epidemics in social insects and should be incorporated into models of disease transmission.

Pie, Marcio R., Rebeca B. Rosengaus, and James FA Traniello. "Nest architecture, activity pattern, worker density and the dynamics of disease transmission in social insects." Journal of Theoretical Biology 226.1 (2004): 45-51.]]> 2022-04-09 10:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2137295376 Tutorial Week 4 groupsem222 https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2139325119 2022-04-11 15:07:28 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2139325119 Case Study rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2139326499 https://www.coroflot.com/ryanridge/AM-PM-Metaturnal-Office]]> 2022-04-11 15:08:16 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2139326499 Case Study rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2139342893 http://www.presidentsmedals.com/Entry-53101]]> 2022-04-11 15:17:21 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2139342893 Metaturnal / Cathemeral. rainiekyr https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2139344569 https://sleepopolis.com/education/guide-how-animals-sleep/]]> 2022-04-11 15:18:15 UTC https://padlet.com/groupsem222/Phase1/wish/2139344569