-Talkative

-Cheerful

-Playful

-Adorable

-Spirited

--> 20th century = century of the child

Change is because of industrialisation and the opportunities that came with it:

• Compulsory schooling

• Child protection legislation = The Children Act 1898

• Positions of children now and developments = improved children's lives // better education and health and rights

• Family= child-centred, no longer to be seen and not heard like In victorian time

Childhood only exists when a child is very distinct from the adult world + protected from it.

2 reasons = dissapering

• Media (TV, newspapers + internet) = makes sure children are not protected from anything (a line between child/adulthood blurred) // can access sex, violence etc.

• The distinction has also become blurred which increases the rights of children and how they are treated. Children have more power and rights = protection.

Many children = are obese, take drugs, self-harm, and are sexually active // they are more like adults and childhood has disappeared.

Childrens innocence are underthreat

Money and support is not going to help children but goes to the old. Also as a result of a child centred society families are having fewer children

Children = isolated and lonely

The western notion of the child; vulnerable + in need of protection = globalised

-inexperienced

-juvenile

-pubescence

-young

Studies of young people= generation gap implied by media moral panic is exaggerated

Most people are generally conformist (a person who conforms to accepted behaviour or established practices) = get on with parents + place values on traditional concepts

• The Mods rode scooters and dressed in suits and neat clothing.

of social control = looked to the media to provide the reasoning as to why deviance exists // media creates certain groups deviant

- He focused his attention on society's reaction to the

reports of disturbances involving Mods and Rockers over

the Easter weekend in 1964.

--> media portrays mods and rockers as chaos (front page news) + public concern and moral panic // = increased policing and higher levels of public concern.

Moral panic

"a condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests (1987)"

= increased policing, more crime committed because more reported not actual committing + self fulfilling prophecy.

A year later, the Bluewater Shopping Centre caused outrage amongst the public by banning its shoppers from wearing baseball caps.

This was followed by Tony Blair’s campaign to clamp down on antisocial behaviour perpetrated by ‘hoodies’ = ao this became a commonly used term (especially in 2005-7) // articles would often say the word hoodie in the headline, but there would be no reference in the story about whether the

The young thug was actually wearing one, it was just presumed.

Now hoodies have become a symbol of mischief + sales on hoodies declined as young people thought wearing them would upset people in authority.

-Adulthood

-Settled

-Busy

-Working

-Aging

-private markers = might include a first sexual encounter or first cigarette.

-public markers include the

right to vote or the approval of a bank loan.

• Physical attributes of middle age include greying hair, the appearance of ‘middle-aged spread’ and the menopause in women.

• Social indicators include children leaving home for university and more money for leisure pursuits.

• May also be emotional or psychological

  indicators, i.e. the mid-life crisis.

  
  

-incapable

-elderly

-unemployed

• Loss of work due to retirement = loss in self-esteem, social contacts and income,+ rise in loneliness, poverty, depression and poor health.

• People are often stereotyped and discriminated against because of their age = ageism

--> expressed in 3 ways

-institutionalised (Bradley)

-stereotypical prejudices (Pilcher)

-assumes that the very old are vulnerable and dependent on younger and fitter adults for care and protection. (Ginn and Arber)