research by Tommy Powell https://padlet.com/tommy_powell/6fmesb8v8zde Made with the help of a typing monkey en-us 2017-11-14 14:54:13 UTC 2017-11-30 14:58:27 UTC hello@padlet.com Evidence#1 tommy_powell https://padlet.com/tommy_powell/6fmesb8v8zde/wish/206744933 Although the chronic condition of stress can have negative side effects on all persons, the unique psycho-social and contextual factors, specifically the common and pervasive exposure to racism and discrimination, creates an additional daily stressor for African-Americans. Often, African-Americans do not realize daily stressors that may affect their psychological or physiological health and so we have compiled a collection of articles and additional resources to understand the health effects that result from exposure and perception of racism and discrimination.http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/ethnicity-health/racism-stress.aspx]]> 2017-11-14 14:54:43 UTC https://padlet.com/tommy_powell/6fmesb8v8zde/wish/206744933 Evidence#2 tommy_powell https://padlet.com/tommy_powell/6fmesb8v8zde/wish/206751192 However, theory and empirical evidence consistently demonstrate that the manner in which racial/ethnic groups are characterized in the media can harm or benefit different groups, depending on the nature of these depictions (alongside other social and psychological determinants).http://communication.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-122]]> 2017-11-14 15:03:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tommy_powell/6fmesb8v8zde/wish/206751192 Evidence#3 tommy_powell https://padlet.com/tommy_powell/6fmesb8v8zde/wish/206757612 Across generations. Discrimination in one generation that negatively affects health, economic opportunity, or wealth accumulation for a particular group may diminish opportunities for later generations. For instance, parents’ poor health or employment status may limit their ability to monitor or support their child’s education, which in turn may lower the child’shttps://www.nap.edu/read/10887/chapter/16]]> 2017-11-14 15:11:34 UTC https://padlet.com/tommy_powell/6fmesb8v8zde/wish/206757612 Evidence#4 tommy_powell https://padlet.com/tommy_powell/6fmesb8v8zde/wish/206758346 At the University of Arizona, Toni Schmader has been working to identify the basic cognitive process by which these effects occur. In a recent paper in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Schmader and UA graduate student Michael Johns reported the results of several studies showing that college women score lower on tests of mathematical ability, and Hispanic students might score lower on tests of intelligence, not because they have less ability, but because reminders of negative stereotypes temporarily decrease their "working memory capacity." Because working memory capacity is integral to concentrating attention on a task, these decreases in working memory capacity interfere with the ability to solve complex problems like the ones found on most standardized tests. Remove any reminder of negative stereotypes, and these individuals perform equally to the students who don't belong to a negatively stereotype group.At the University of Arizona, Toni Schmader has been working to identify the basic cognitive process by which these effects occur. In a recent paper in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Schmader and UA graduate student Michael Johns reported the results of several studies showing that college women score lower on tests of mathematical ability, and Hispanic students might score lower on tests of intelligence, not because they have less ability, but because reminders of negative stereotypes temporarily decrease their "working memory capacity."

Because working memory capacity is integral to concentrating attention on a task, these decreases in working memory capacity interfere with the ability to solve complex problems like the ones found on most standardized tests. Remove any reminder of negative stereotypes, and these individuals perform equally to the students who don't belong to a negatively stereotype group.



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