https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5 This project will examine the ways in which the U.S. Constitution creates a dynamic government while also fostering political stability. en-us 2017-01-04 12:49:51 UTC 2025-11-15 01:06:23 UTC hello@padlet.com s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145234831 On this side of the board I will examine how the Constitution has created a dynamic government that has the ability change with the times. ]]> 2017-01-04 12:50:51 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145234831 s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145235616 In 1920 two women by the names of Cecelia Street Waters and Mary D. Rudolph were trying to register to vote in Baltimore, Maryland but the state constitution only limited voting men. Oscar Leser was the man that sued the registry board to prevent all women from voting. This case was taking into the Supreme Court in 1922 on January 23rd. Oscar wanted to remove all women from voting in Maryland because he believed that the state constitution only granted suffrage of men. He also believed that the 19th amendment was unconstitutional. His argument was that the 15th and 19th amendment had no distinction.  Garnett was defending the women and they simply stated the 19th amendment was in the federal constitution and that they had to follow the constitution. The case summary was the Supreme Court said that the 19th amendment was apart of the federal constitution so they had to follow it and that it would be unconstitutional to disenfranchise women from voting. Women then achieved the right to vote in Maryland. ]]> 2017-01-04 12:55:18 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145235616 s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145235749 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was made to outlaw discrimination in all ways such as race, religion, gender, and etc. This act also removed segregation in all schools and in voting. No, this act didn't end discrimination but it did open doors. Even with the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments outlawing slavery, providing equal protection, citizenship, and protected the right to vote some states still wanted segregation. Each year from 1945-1957 Congress tried to get some type of Civil Rights Laws in action but they always proceeded to fail. In the years of 1957 and 1960, the Congress finally passed some limited Civil Rights Act. 1963 was the year when the Civil Rights Movement was crucial. The Birmingham Campaign was on TV, the March on Washington, and the 16th Street Baptist Church. The Civil Rights were now part of the government and they had no choice but to respond to what was now happening. In respond, President John F. Kennedy proposed in a nationally televised address, a Civil Rights Act in 1963. After a week a bill was submitted to the Congress by JFK. He warned all African American leaders to use caution. After the death of JFK in 1963, Martin Luther King and the new president Lyndon B. Johnson still pushed to pass the bill. The bill was finally passed in the House February 10 1964. The House quickly moved to approve the Senate bill and then July 2, 1964 the bill was signed by Martin Luther King, Lyndon B. Johnson, Dorothy Height, and John Lewis. ]]> 2017-01-04 12:55:52 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145235749 s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145235810 Brown v. Board of Education was the group name of all of the cases taken to court due to discrimination and segregation in schools. All of the cases taken to court all spoken on something different dealing with the problems with the school systems. But the main reason with these cases was the unconstitutional discrimination and segregation. The NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund handled each and even on of these cases. When the cases began the court consolidated all five cases under the name of Brown v. Board of Education. Marshall took these to court before and it brought up a variety of ideas. One of the most common ideas was that separate school systems for black and white were inherently unequal. This violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment to us Constitution. Plessy Decision was heard twice because Chief Justice Fred Vinson died and was replaced by Gov. Earl Warren of California. The Justices agreed to support a unanimous decision that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. On May 14, 1954, the court decided that "separate but equal" has no place.  Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. The courts knew it would take the time to desegregate all schools so the Brown v. Board of Education was responsible for getting the process underway. ]]> 2017-01-04 12:56:11 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145235810 s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145235847 The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was put in place because of the fairly new topic of same-sex marriage. Some federal courts have ruled DOMA unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment, but the courts have disagreed. Edith Windsor was a widow of Thea Clara Spyer who died in 2009. The couple was married in Toronto, Canada in 2007, their marriage was recognized in New York by their state law. Thea left all of her estates to Windsor and since their marriage wasn't recognized by the federal law, the gov. imposed $363,000 in taxes. Had their marriage been legal none of this would've happened.  November 9, 2010, Windsor took up a case in the district against the United States. Windsor was seeking the DOMA was unconstitutional. on February 23, 2011, the court announced that they would not defend DOMA. An Advisory Group of the House of Representatives filed a petition in defense of the DOMA. The US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed. In the end, the court decided that the Constitution doesn't guarantee the right to same-sex marriage because the right isn't deeply rooted in our history. So the definition of marriage is left to the people to decide. ]]> 2017-01-04 12:56:28 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145235847 s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236075 On this side of the board I will examine how the Constitution has created a government that remains stable by preventing changes from occurring too quickly.]]> 2017-01-04 12:57:24 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236075 s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236212 The 22nd amendment was to set a maximum on the number of terms which a president can serve. This meant that no individual shall serve more than two terms. There was case between the US Term Limits v. Thornton in 1995. This case was about Arkansas adopted the 73rd the amendment which set limits on AK representatives. The Supreme Court ruled that this clashed with the 22nd amendment. So now all presidents can only serve 2 terms (8 years). ]]> 2017-01-04 12:58:20 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236212 s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236250 After the tapes of Nixon's conversations in the Oval Office, Nixon said that he was "immune" from subpoena claiming executive privilege. This meaning he was able to hold information from other government branches to preserve confidential communications. In the end, the Court said NO. Therefore the president must do as a subpoena and put the tapes out for everyone to hear. ]]> 2017-01-04 12:58:33 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236250 s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236302 In 1916 a group of Nebraska residents got a petition together and then sent a constitutional amendment to the Congress. This amendment would enact a national referendum before lawmakers could declare war. While the proposal didn't make it that far in the Congress, the new idea popped up on media and earning attention from people against war and interventions. This amendment isn't the only one that tried to give Americans voters more to say about when we go to war. When Ludlow submitted his measure saying that the Congress should have all the responsibility of declaring war. It was supported by 75% but the poll chose otherwise. ]]> 2017-01-04 12:58:53 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236302 s_madison_washington https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236383 There was a New York state law that gave each individual a right to work steamboats on the water but only within legal bounds. Other states started to do the same thing for their state only. If you wanted to operate a steamboat in another state you would have been required to pay substantial fees for navigation privileges. Gibbons owned a business between NY and NJ under a coastal license. His license challenged that state monopoly license given to them by Aaron Ogden. NY held up the monopoly. In conclusion the court found this out-of-state license to be inconsistent act regulating the coastal ride. ]]> 2017-01-04 12:59:22 UTC https://padlet.com/s_madison_washington/6fih9wue7af5/wish/145236383