Elements and Principles of Art by Victoria Lopez

Texture

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Texture is the visual of a surface added to artwork. There are two types of texture, actual texture and simulated texture. Actual texture is the actual physical surface of an artwork or design. Simulated texture is texture that isn't actually there, but is designed to look like it is.

Time and Motion

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The use of change as an element of art, this is important in video performance and kinetic art. Time shows change and movement, and movement implies the passage of time.

Color

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Color is light reflected by an object. It is determined visually by measurement of hue, saturation, and brightness.

Line

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Line can be described as a moving dot.

Shape

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Shape is a flat, enclosed area of an artwork created through lines, textures, or colors.

Space

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a feeling of depth or three dimensions

Mass/Volume

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a solid body or a grouping of visual elements that compose a solid form.

Perspective

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creates a realistic representation of space, depth, and scale in an artwork

Emphasis

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creating a centered interest in an artwork

Balance

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the distribution of visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.

Unity/Variety

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unity: separate parts working together to create a feeling of unity

variety: contrasts elements within the composition

Scale/Proportion

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scale: size of one object in relation to the other object

proportion: refers to the size of the parts of an object in relationship to other parts of the same object