Impossible Subjects by Thanh Huyen Hoang https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6 What is your takeaway from the introduction and chapter 1 en-us 2022-01-12 03:14:14 UTC 2022-01-12 04:53:09 UTC hello@padlet.com Group 2 theanhdinh19e10ulis https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987383568 -  In the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, “race” and “nation” were loosely conflated in intellectual discourse and in the public imagination. 
- Historical foundation of Johnson Reed Immigration Act and its impact
 +  After Congress legislated Chinese exclusion in 1882, Japanese and other Asians immigrated to replace Chinese labor but became new targets of exclusion 
 + The Quota Board applied that provision according to race categories in the 1920 census: “white,” “black,” “mulatto,” “Indian,” “Chinese,” “Japanese,” and “Hindu.”
 + The 1924 Johnson-Reed Act also excluded from immigration Chinese, Japanese, Indians, and other Asians on grounds that they were racially ineligible for naturalized citizenship, a condition that was declared by the Supreme Court in the early 1920s 

- Rule of Racial Unassimilability
+ Case of Japanese immigrants
+ Japan considered the Immigration Act of 1924 cause for national humiliation. In retaliation, it imposed a 100 percent tariff on goods imported in any quantity from America ]]> 2022-01-12 03:17:05 UTC https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987383568 Group 1 theanhdinh19e10ulis https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987383821 Intro: 
- Immigration and Citizenship:
+ Aliens do not enjoy all the privileges of citizenship
+ Arguments of whether aliens should have rights of citizenship.
+ Soft line between illegal immigrants vs legal aliens.
- Immigration Policy and the Production of Racial Knowledge
+ The construction of racial hierarchies has been an ongoing project in American history since the colonial period.
+ The national origins quota system classified Europeans 
+ The 1924 Johnson-Reed Act.
+ Race in the late nineteenth century.
- Nationalism and Sovereignty
Chap 1:
- The establishment of national origins quota system
- Asian and ineligibility of citizenship:
+ Chinese exclusion Act
+ Asiatic zone exclusion
 



]]> 2022-01-12 03:17:19 UTC https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987383821 Group 5 https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987385318 - Immigration policy 
-  illegal immigrants are also members of ethno-racial communities; they often inhabit the same social spaces as their co-ethnics and, in many cases, are members of “mixed status” families. 
- On the one hand, the presence of large illegal populations in Asian and Latino communities has historically contributed to the construction of those communities as illegitimate, criminal, and un-assimilable. On the other hand, ethno-racial minority groups pursue social inclusion, making claims of belonging and engaging with society, irrespective of formal status.
- the need of state authorities to identify and distinguish between citizens, lawfully resident immigrants, and illegal aliens posed enforcement, political, and constitutional problems for the modern state. 
- Immigration policy is constitutive of Americans’ understanding of national membership and citizenship, drawing lines of inclusion and exclusion that articulate a desired composition—imagined if not necessarily realized—of the nation. 
- Aliens do not enjoy all the privileges of citizenship— notably the franchise—but outside the immigration domain, and in civil society generally, they have the same rights as citizens to equal protection under the 14th Amendment. The illegal immigrant has no right to be present, let alone embark on the path to citizenship.

]]> 2022-01-12 03:18:33 UTC https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987385318 G 5.2 https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987415050 - The 1924 Johnson-Reed Act also excluded from immigration Chinese, Japanese, Indians, and other Asians on grounds that they were racially ineligible for naturalized citizenship
- Immigration policy not only speaks to the nation’s vision of itself, it also signals its position in the world and its relationships with other nation-states
-  immigration policy; it marked a seminal change in the world order. 
- World War I also created the problem of millions of people without national citizenship
- nationalism’s ultimate defense is sovereignty—the nation’s self-proclaimed, absolute right to determine its own membership, a right believed to inhere in the nation-state’s very existence, in its “right of self -preservation
- In March 1924 Trevor submitted a proposal for quotas based on “national origin” to the Senate immigration committee. Trevor argued, the national origins of the entire population should be used as the basis for calculating the quotas. 
- In May, Congress passed an immigration act based on Trevor’s concept of national origins quotas
- The nativism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century comprised a cultural nationalism in which cultural homogeneity more than race superiority was the principal concern
- The Quota Board applied that provision according to race categories in the 1920 census: “white,” “black,” “mulatto,” “Indian,” “Chinese,” “Japanese,” and “Hindu.”
- It also divided Europe from the non-European world. It de ned the world formally in terms of country and nationality but also in terms of race.
- Rule of Racial Unassimilability: Japanese immigrants and issues case.


]]> 2022-01-12 03:43:30 UTC https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987415050 Group 3 https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987418946 Intro: 
- Immigration and Citizenship
 Immigration policy is constitutive of Americans’ understanding of national membership and citizenship, drawing lines of inclusion and exclusion that articulate a desired composition—imagined if not necessarily realized—of the nation. 
+ legal alien and illegal immigrant 
- Immigration Policy and the Production of Racial Knowledge
- Nationalism and Sovereignty
+ transnational and diasporic approaches remap migration patterns and experiences, yielding new insights. 
+ A global framework also helps us put the advent of immigration restriction in the United States into broader historical perspective. 
+ Rigid border controls, passports, and state restrictions on entry and exit became the norms for governing emigration and immigration. ]]> 2022-01-12 03:47:18 UTC https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987418946 Group 4 https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987434734 Nationality Act of 1790
  • The legal definition of “white” and the rule of racial unassimilability
  • Granted the right to naturalized citizenship to “free white persons” of good moral character.
  • After the Civil War, Congress amended the Nationality Act to extend the right to naturalize to “persons of African nativity or descent.”
  • Nationality Act of 1870, encoded racial prerequisites to citizenship according to the familiar black-white categories of American race relations.
  • The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 included a provision that made Chinese ineligible to citizenship.
  • Japanese, Asian Indians, Armenians, Syrians, Mexicans, and other peoples that immigrated into the United States in the early twentieth century thus posed a challenge to the race categories in citizenship law.

1924 Johnson-Reed Immigration Act

  • The invention of “national origins” quota system to limit immigration selectively 
  • the law defines “nationality” according to country of birth
  • This Act set its quotas to 2 percent of resident populations counted in the 1890 census, capping overall immigration at 150,000 per year.
  • provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship.
  • Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia
  • Eastern and southern Europeans were most severely affected by reductions in legal immigration. 
  • Exempted Mexico and other countries of the Western Hemisphere from numerical quotas (for purposes of naturalization, and therefore for immigration, the law deemed Mexicans to be white.)
  • Conquest facilitated the racialization of Mexicans in the United States as “white.”
]]> 2022-01-12 03:59:48 UTC https://padlet.com/hth2712/6daulanzaray1ht6/wish/1987434734