-Engineering is the profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgement to develop ways to utilize, economically,the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

-Engineering in simple words is a discipline concerning ethics.

-ethics define as a deals with what we believe to be good or bad and with the moral obligations that these beliefs imply.

-there are two types of ethics;

-engineers need to have ethics because;

   

          

-ethical obligations do not stop at any country borders .

Engineering Ethics
-means professional ethics for engineering
-implies a shared understanding of proper conduct guidelines among member of the engineering profession
-guided by code of ethics or code of professional conduct

Comparison between Ethics and Morals

1. Ethics is guiding principles of conduct of an individual or group while morals is principles on which one’s judgement of right and wrong are based.

2. Ethics influenced by profession, field, organization and related to professional work but moral influenced by society, culture, religion and no related to professional work.

3. Ethics more uniform compared to morals while and morals very according to different culture and religions.

Kumari ought to disobey the boss' orders, report what is happening to the authorities, and report her irresponsible boss. As an engineer, she is obliged to maintain her right or wrong judgment to protect the public. This is due to the fact that the chemical compounds can poison rivers, kill aquatic organisms, and cause damage to the ecological environment. More seriously, if the contaminated water is consumed by humans for a long time without undergoing multiple treatments, it will cause diarrhea, cholera and other diseases or even death in residents surrounding the factory. Therefore, Kumari should additionally retain her judgment of right and wrong and comply the engineering ethics, she can request her boss to install some protective equipment, such as filters and enhanced factory management, so that the damage substances discharged from the factory may be filtered earlier rather than coming into rivers then pollute the environment. As a engineer, she can also construct a system to lessen or absolutely eliminate the harmful and dangerous materials used withinside the manufacturing system before the harmful materials and substances discharged from the factory.

Case 2

Tommy should not accept the offer since he still have not finished doing his job to identify the correct valves for the plant. He should have professional ethics such as integrity by giving full commitment to his company and give attention to completing his task before accepting the offer to do something else. Procastination of a certain task is very unprofessional as an engineer and it can sometimes result in casualties because engineers are often entrusted with task that needs to be done carefully and with precision in order for it to not fail and become a lethal accident.

Things to consider and standard :
-your obligations and responsibilities as professional engineer.

Profession :

- Paid accupation, need advanced education, characteristics and training.

Professional and non professional.

- Education: requires extensive period of time , based on theory and most of professional at least have degree.

- Have knowledge and skill that vital to society.

- Monopoly on demand of professional services.

Achieved in two ways :

1. Those graduated professional school allowed to hold professional title.

2. Influence community that to make licensing system.

    - Have an unusual degree of autonomy in workplace.

    - Most profession regulates themselves to public benefits.

Differences :

-        Personal ethic 

-        Professional ethic

-        Common moral

Professional ethics and characteristics :

-        Code of conduct knowledge : understand the rules and your obligations and responsibilities

-        Character and professional and characteristics: act with honesty, fairly, and with integrity.

-        Proffesionals ethics : identify or analyze and make the right decisions

Case 1:
Kumari discovers that her plant (factory) is discharging a substance into the river that is not regulated by the government. She decides to do some reading about the substance and finds that some of the studies suggest that it is carcinogen. As an engineer, she believes she has an obligation to protect the public, but she also wants to be a loyal employee. The substance will probably be very expensive to remove, and her boss advises, “Forget about it until the government makes us do something. Then all the other plants will have to spend money too, and we will not be at a competitive disadvantage.” What should Kumari do?

Answer:
Kumari can listen the boss‘s advice to forget this issue but she must make a report to the Department of Environment afterwards. She could leave the company and get another job. But before this, Kumari can also try to communicate with the boss so that he can upgrade the sewage and filtration system. She could show some research reports to the boss and make him aware of the consequences of destroying the environment. This is because toxic substances that dumping into the river will make further spread of water pollution. The toxic substances will cause the death of aquatic life and affect some of the residents who are always rely on river water to drink, wash or cook. Let us refer to the events that happened in the Kim-Kim River. It caused by illegal chemical waste dumping at the river. Unfortunately, the illegal chemical waste released some toxic fumes and it was affecting the resident and the school student near the river.

Case 2:
Tommy is designing a new chemical plant. One of his responsibilities is to identify the valves to be used in a certain portion of the plant. Before he makes his final decision, a salesperson for one of the firms that manufactures valves invites Tom to a golf game at the local country club. Should Tommy accept the offer?

Answer:
Yes, Tommy should accept the offer because it can be a great advantage for him to work on his chemical plant. He can also get new ideas from the salesperson as he/she works in firms that manufactures valves. Moreover, he would also get to gain knowledge and get more information in designing his chemical plant. By accepting this offer, he would have chances in getting products for a reasonable price. Tommy would also get recommendation in promoting his chemical plants to others. Tommy should accept the offer as there are code ethics that engineers fulfill those obligation depending on the social and economic context. Tommy will be able to gain knowledge based on his workplace that deals with chemical plantation and also involves manufacturing valves that can help with his plantation. Tommy should be mutual about his decision because it may effect his work in the future.

Case: The Forklifter
The only option Bryan can make to overcome the problem that Max has done is to tell about the real thing to superiors as well as authorities such as the occupational safety and health department that that Max and other employees have dumped toxic waste material down the drain.
Besides, we also think that Bryan could seek advice from the professional on how to deal with the waste. This could save the environment and still can accomplish the task given by Max even he did it in a different way. 

1) As a guidance in ensuring they act responsibly

2) Capable of handling huge responsibility for their clients, any individuals and the society

3) Capable in serving the public, the society

Basic Ethical Concepts

1) The public’s health, safety and welfare must be the top priority towards all engineers in whatever they do

2) These ethical commitments are worldwide, whatever country the engineers are in, it is still important

3) In making decisions, ethics are a necessity aside from giving guidance to engineers

Code of Ethics
-Code of ethics is a guide of principles designed to help a specific group of people to conduct the main purpose of the group with full integrity from the members.
-It give general outlines for the employees so they should behave, as well as specific guidance for handling any issues during works.
-Code of ethics will shown your responsibilities towards the society and the environment especially for safety towards others.

Case 1 :
Kumari should quickly make a report to the government and hand in the report of the reads of the river to the ministry of government such as ministry of Environment and Water to let them know what consequences will happen if the toxic substance does not clean in short time. Then, the ministry can quickly take action to reduce the risk of harm to the public and not passively not do anything and let the case becomes more serious and causes more people get injured from this circumstances.

Case 2 ：
Yes, Tommy should accept the offer. This help Tommy reduce mistakes toward success and also will reduce times and costs to produce a new chemical plant . Besides , when he communicate with the salesperson , will get more ideas  and knowledge to design new chemical plants. Moreover , Tommy also can play golf game to release stress and maintain health.  

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies the difference between right and wrong. 

All of us have opportunities to choose between right and wrong every day, we see in the business press, getting it wrong can lead to serious consequences, including corporate failure, loss of reputation, fines or even jail sentences.

Different people approach ethical decisions from different points of view, and we must all accept that different cultures, for example, approach ethics in different ways. In any situation, you must begin with the laws of your country. Next you look to the specific rules that govern the situation. For example, if you’re an auditor, you’ll be bound by the relevant auditing standards in your jurisdiction. Then, as a professional, you should consider the principles of your professional body, which form the basis of your professional ethics.

Most of us see ourselves as ethical. We usually like to feel we’ve done ‘the right thing’. Your personal ethics are as important as your professional ethics. It’s one thing to know what you should do – what you’re told you should do – but another thing to want to take the ‘correct’ course of action. Clearly, membership of a professional body requires adherence to a code of ethical conduct. As accountants, we ‘profess’ to a high standard of ethical behaviour. But leaving rules and regulations to one side, who’s to say what’s right and what’s wrong? 

Members of the public may place their trust in you because you’re a member of a trusted professional body. The public aren’t expected to know how to assess either the ability or the ethics of a doctor, lawyer or accountant. They trust that the professional bodies will do that for them. This means that as a professional you owe the public a certain level of integrity and objectivity - as well as professional competence and due care, confidentiality and professional behaviour. In other words, you should uphold the five fundamental principles set out in our Code of Ethics and Conduct simply because you’re a professional and you have professional ethics.

Your own values, interests and experiences are the filter through which you view any situation. You should be aware of those filters because they could influence your professional judgement. That’s why it’s important to be able to recognise your own personal ethical perspective when you exercise your professional ethics. You need to be able to know the difference between the two. As a professional accountant, you should strive to maintain objectivity by being mindful of the fact that your personal values are just that - personal and unique to you.

Integrity

The Integrity Engineer (IE) may also be involved with other asset life-cycle issues such as the basis of design (Process design basis) through to recycle. During the Front End Engineering Design stage (i.e. FEED) aids in the selection of vessels, piping, pipelines and other equipment. At this FEED stage, the optimum material requirements, mitigation and maintenance requirements for the intended period of operation become the basis for the detailed engineering. It is the role of the IE to develop/validate the integrity management plan and implement the monitoring and management procedure for the intended period of operation. It may also be the responsibility of the integrity engineer to incorporate and manage any variation identified (metal loss, material degradation, cracking mechanisms, mitigation issues i.e. CP potentials, coating failures etc.) during the monitoring regime.

Case Study 1
Ans:
Kumari should report it to the local government on the discharging of carcinogenic substances to the local river which is clearly a violation of the law. As to the reason Kumari should do this, it is for the sole reason for the greater good.  Although Kumari would very likely be fired by her boss due to her action; She should do it for the benefit of the people.  Engineers were supposed to fulfil the societal needs, not to create more problems in the near future just for the sake of convenience and lower cost to acquire more profit in their jobs. If the factory's actions were to continue for the next decade or so, our very own nature would be ruined. Not only that, if Kumari were to retire from her profession as an engineer, and would want to live and enjoy her life after her hard work and enjoy the beauty of nature, that for what she seeks for would no longer exist, that for what she yearns for would be ruined to the point of no return and the future ahead would only be worse if it's source were not stopped from the root.

Case Study 3: The Forklifter
Ans:
Bryan must listen to his employer to save his job and he must also do research and find a more efficient solution to the toxic substances that his employer has told him to throw half of all of them down the drain to reduce environmental damage. In addition, he should also ask the more professional parties regarding chemicals how to eliminate substances such as toxic toxins in order to protect the environment.