https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db en-us 2020-04-08 09:47:15 UTC 2020-04-08 12:47:05 UTC hello@padlet.com iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498365006 2020-04-08 09:47:46 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498365006 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498365823 2020-04-08 09:48:14 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498365823 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498366621 2020-04-08 09:48:44 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498366621 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498366850 2020-04-08 09:48:52 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498366850 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498369506 - spojevi s karboksilnom skupinom (-COOH)]]> 2020-04-08 09:50:26 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498369506 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498372828 - alifatske zasićene i nesazićene kiseline s općom formulom R-COOH]]> 2020-04-08 09:51:53 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498372828 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498388870 2020-04-08 10:01:37 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498388870 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498389464 2020-04-08 10:02:00 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498389464 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498390496 2020-04-08 10:02:32 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498390496 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498393456 - Na ili K soli viših masnih kiselina (Na - tvrdi sapuni / K - meki sapuni) 
-  nepolarni hidrofobni dio (ugljikovodični lanac), polarni hidrofilni dio na koji se veže ion Na+ ili K+
- dobro topljivi u vodi --> stvaraju kuglaste micele (hidrofobni dio prema nutra, hidrofilni prema van)
- nepolarni dijelovi okreću se prema masnoj mrlji, a polarni  prema vodi 
- smanjuju površinsku napetost vode
- postupak nastanka sapuna = saponifikacija]]> 2020-04-08 10:04:16 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498393456 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498393692 - kemijska sintetička sredstva za pranje  (građa slična sapunima)
- umjesto karboksilne skupine imaju sulfonatnu (-SO₂ -O-) ili sulfatnu (-O-SO₂ -O-) --> NE PRIPADAJU DERIVATIMA KARBOKSILNIH KISELINA
- dobivanje: sintezom iz nafte ]]> 2020-04-08 10:04:25 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498393692 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498422144 2020-04-08 10:22:52 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498422144 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498427838 2020-04-08 10:26:56 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498427838 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498434522 2020-04-08 10:31:57 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498434522 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498435064 - derivati karboksilnih kiselina koji u svom sastavu imaju amino-skupinu vezanu za karboksilnu skupinu (opća formula: RCONH₂ )]]> 2020-04-08 10:32:22 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498435064 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498438326 - najčešći drivati karboksilnih kiselina 
- kiselinski i alkoholni dio]]> 2020-04-08 10:34:45 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498438326 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498440374 - krutine s visokim vrelištem (intermolekularne vodikove veze)
- metanamid = tekućina
- polarni - dobro topljivi u vodi (stvaraju vodikove veze)
- sekundarni i tercijarni amidi - manje vodikovih veza
- neutralni spojevi
- najjednostavniji amid - ureja (karbamid)
- amidne veze]]> 2020-04-08 10:36:19 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498440374 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498444588 - melatonin - hormon koji ima utjecaj na dnevni ritam organizma
- umjetni poliamidi (PA) - široka primjena --> žilavi, otporni na habanje, dobra klizna svojstva (izrada zupčanika, lančanika i kotača. izrada odječe...]]> 2020-04-08 10:39:47 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498444588 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498458298 - U reakciji karboksilne skupine s alkoholima, uz prisustvo kiselog katalizatora, nastaju esteri (esterifikacija)
- U reakciji karboksilne skupine s polarnom molekulom amonijaka nastaju amonijeve soli koje djelovanjem povišene temperature gube vodu i prelaze u amide
- Reakcijom karboksilnih kiselina s fosforovim(III) kloridom ili tionilkloridom nastaju kiselinski halogenidi (acil-halogenidi)
- Dehidratacijom, dvije karboksilne kiseline kondenziraju se preko karboksilne skupine i stvaraju molekulu anhidrida]]> 2020-04-08 10:51:21 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498458298 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498463759 - spojevi koji u reakciji s vodom daju kiselinu
- ne pojavljuju se u prirodi • - vrlo rektivni ( podložni nukleofilnoj supstituciji) ]]> 2020-04-08 10:55:54 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498463759 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498466866 - spojevi u kojima je acilna skupina vezana na halogenidni ion
- ne pojavljuju se u prirodi• - Vrlo rektivni ( podložni nukleofilnoj supstituciji)]]> 2020-04-08 10:58:19 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498466866 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498472471 - esteri nastaju postupkom esterifikacije
- spora reakcija koja se ubrzava katalizatorom (koncentrirana sumporna kiselina + zagrijavanem)
- reverzibilna reakcija]]> 2020-04-08 11:03:42 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498472471 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498472756 - njihove arome prisutne su u biljnim sokovima, eteričnim uljima
- prehrambena industriji, parfemi
- polietilentetraftalat (PET) - široka primjena (lagan, otporan na udarce i tlak); PET ambalaža]]> 2020-04-08 11:03:58 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498472756 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498473092 - lako hlapljive tekućine,
- slabo topljivi u vodi, ali dobro topljivi u organskim otapalima
- ne stvaraju vodikove veze 
-  esteri male molekulske mase hlapljive su tekućine slatkastih atoma]]> 2020-04-08 11:04:17 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498473092 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498473602 2020-04-08 11:04:45 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498473602 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498474050 2020-04-08 11:05:12 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498474050 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498474380 2020-04-08 11:05:31 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498474380 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498474559 2020-04-08 11:05:42 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498474559 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498475065 2020-04-08 11:06:12 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498475065 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498475242 2020-04-08 11:06:23 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498475242 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498519725 - agregacijska stanja ovise o relativnoj molekulskoj masi
- manja relaticna molekulska masa = oštriji i neugodniji miris
- dobra topljivost u vodi (+stvaranje vodikovih veza)
- topljivost se smanjuje povećavanjem relativne molekulske mase
- više masne kiseline u nepolarnim otapalima stvaraju dimere
- temperatura vrelišta pravilno se povećava za svaku metilnu skupinu (18°C)
- vodene otopine karboksilnih kiselina - kisele (kiselost veća od alkohola, ali manja od anorganskih kiselina)]]> 2020-04-08 11:45:58 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498519725 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498531256 metanska/mravlja kiselina
etanska/octena kiselina
propanska/propionska kiselina
butanska/maslačna kiselina]]> 2020-04-08 11:55:09 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498531256 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498534701 palmitinska kiselina
stearinska kisleina]]> 2020-04-08 11:57:45 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498534701 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498535625 oleinska kiselina
linolna kiselina
linolenska kisleine]]> 2020-04-08 11:58:30 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498535625 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498536392 oksalatna kiselina / etanska dikiselina
jantarna kiselina / butanska dikiselina]]> 2020-04-08 11:59:09 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498536392 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498537217 benzenkarboksilna kiselina
ftalna kisleina kiselina]]> 2020-04-08 11:59:43 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498537217 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498546148 - metanska --> kao sredstvo za obranu u žarnicima meduza, pčela i kopriva
- etanska --> prehrambena industrija (prirodni konzervans za kiseljenje povrća
- propanska --> prehrambena industrija (dodaje se u proizvode od mlijeka i brašna jer sprečava rast gljivica i bakterija)
- više masne kiseline izgrađuju fosfolipide i stanične glikolipide
- jantarna kiselina/butanska dikiselina --> prehrambena industrija (dodatak praškastim proizvodima za regulaciju kiselosti)
- benzenkarboksilna kiselina --> benzoati (soli) su nezamjenjivi konzervansi u trajnim i polutrajnim proizvodima od voća, povrća, mesa te u gaziranim pićima
- ftalna kiselina --> dobivanje različitih sintetskih smola i vlakana; ftalani (soli) se dodaju plasitci kao omekšivači plastičnih masa
- limunska kiselina - prehrambena industrija (dodaje se u sokove i hranu)
- vinska kiselina - u procesu fermentacije mošta, vinska kiselina utječe na rast kvasca, a vinu daje okus i boju
...]]> 2020-04-08 12:05:36 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498546148 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498564169 2020-04-08 12:18:26 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498564169 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498566572 2020-04-08 12:20:08 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498566572 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498569110 2020-04-08 12:21:53 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498569110 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498571700 2020-04-08 12:23:38 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498571700 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498574985 2020-04-08 12:25:53 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498574985 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498579424 2020-04-08 12:28:41 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498579424 iemersic5 https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498588746 - metanska kiselina --> iz ugljikova monoksida u koji se pod tlakom uvodi natrijeva lužina
- etanska kiselina --> iz alkohola metanola i ugljikova monoksida
- propanska kiselina --> nastaje fermentacijom mlijeka i kupusa
- butanska kiselina --> kvarenjem kvasca
- jantarna kiselina --> nastaje u biljnoj stanici u procesu nepotpune oksidacije glukoze i kao sporedni produkt alkoholnog vrenja
- benzenkarboksilna kiselina --> oksidacijom metilbenzena
- limunska kiselina --> fermentacijom šećera pomoću gljivica Aspergillus niger
...]]> 2020-04-08 12:34:59 UTC https://padlet.com/iemersic5/68nqpf57g8db/wish/498588746