Augmented Reality (AR) applications stand out as a powerful tool for science education because they create an immersive, hands-on learning experience. Instead of just reading about complex scientific concepts, students can visualize and interact with them in real time. Research supports this—Gregson & Botha (2016) highlight that AR encourages inquiry-based learning, making abstract topics more tangible. Similarly, Xie et al. (2020) found that AR not only boosts engagement but also improves knowledge retention and deeper conceptual understanding compared to traditional simulations.

• AR enhances experiential learning by allowing students to explore concepts in a dynamic way, but it can be costly and may require some technical know-how.

• Traditional simulations, on the other hand, are more structured and widely accessible but don’t always provide the same level of real-world interaction.

How do these technologies accommodate different learning styles?

• AR is particularly effective for visual and kinesthetic learners, as it overlays digital content onto the real world, making abstract ideas more concrete.

• Traditional simulations work well for auditory and logical learners by guiding them through step-by-step processes, ensuring a clear and structured learning experience.