Unit 2: Autonomic Nervous System by Gien Robert De Villa https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv en-us 2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC 2025-11-18 02:36:02 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/2695.png Two Divisions of the ANS gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342156 2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342156 Autonomic Nervous System gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342157 2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342157 Sympathetic Nervous System gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342158 (thoracolumbar division)
- originates from the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (T1 to L3). The thoracic nerves supply the internal organs and glands of the head, thoracic cavity, and upper abdominal cavity. The lumbar nerves supply the lower portion of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.]]> 2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342158 Parasympathetic Nervous System gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342159 (craniosacral division)
- originates from the brain (cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10) and spinal cord (sacral nerves S2 to S4). The cranial nerves supply the internal organs and glands of the head, thoracic cavity, and upper portion of the abdominal cavity. The sacral nerves supply the lower portion of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.]]> 2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342159 Neurotransmitter: gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342160 Norepinephrine]]> 2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342160 Neurotransmitter: gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342162 Acetylcholine (ACH)

]]> 2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342162 Location: gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342163 released from postganglionic nerve fibers]]> 2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342163 Location: gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342164 released from preganglionic nerve fibers at the autonomic ganglion of both divisions]]> 2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342164 Receptors (Adrenergic) gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342165
  • Alpha 1 - located on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins
  • Alpha 2 - located on the central nervous system
  • Beta 1 - located on the heart
  • Beta 2 - located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries
    • ]]>     2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342165     Receptors (Cholinergic): gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342167
  • Muscarinic Receptor - located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands
  • Nicotinic 1 (Nn) - at ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area) 
  • Nicotinic 2 (Nm) - somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle  

    • ]]>     2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342167     End Organ Responses gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342168        (Organ - Response)
    • Adrenal Medulla - Release of epinephrine
    • Arteries - Vasoconstriction (exceptions are the coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle, which are dilated)
    • Heart - Increases heart rate and AV* conduction; increases contractility
    • Intestines, gastrointestinal motility, and secretions - Decreased
    • Postganglionic neurotransmitter - Norepinephrine released
    • Pupil of the eye - Dilation (Mydriasis)
    • Respiratory passages, lower - Bronchodilation
    • Urinary bladder - Relaxation
    • Urinary sphincter - Contraction
    ]]>     2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342168     End Organ Responses gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342169        (Organ - Response)
    • Adrenal Medulla - ---
    • Arteries - Most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves
    • Heart - Decreases heart rate and AV conduction; slight decrease in contractility
    • Intestines, gastrointestinal motility, and secretions - Increased
    • Postganglionic neurotransmitter - Acetylcholine released
    • Pupil of the eye - Constriction (Miosis)
    • Respiratory passages, lower - Bronchoconstriction
    • Urinary bladder - Contraction
    • Urinary sphincter - Relaxation 
    ]]>     2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342169     Drug Classifications gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342170 1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
    Interaction: Stimulates alpha-1 receptors
    Actions: Contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP, vasoconstriction of nasal passages
    2. Adrenergic Agonists
    Interaction: Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors
    Actions: Vasopressor, Cardiac stimulant, Bronchodilator
    3. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker
    Interaction: Binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
    Actions: Relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation of blood vessels, also relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow
    4. Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist
    Interaction: Depending on dose, low (stimulates dopaminergic/d-1), moderate (stimulates beta-1 receptors) or high (stimulates alpha-1 receptors)
    Actions: Vasodilation, increases force of contraction and cardiac output, vasoconstriction
    5. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist
    Interaction: Stimulates beta-2 receptors
    Actions: Bronchodilation in the uterus and lungs
    6. Beta Blocker (Selective)
    Interaction: Blocks beta-1 receptors
    Actions: Decreases force of contraction, cardiac output, HR, and conduction
    7. Beta Blocker (Nonselective)
    Interaction: Blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors
    Actions: Decreases force of contraction, HR, conduction, and cardiac output, can also cause brochoconstriction 
    ]]>     2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342170     Drug Classifications gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342171 1. Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
    Interaction: Directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division
    Actions: Mimics ACH
    2. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
    Interaction: Inhibits acetylcholinesterase
    Actions: Increases ACH
    3. Anticholinergic
    Interaction: Binds to a cholinergic receptor
    Actions: Acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism

    ]]>     2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342171     Drug Examples gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342172 1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
    ephedrine
    phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
     
    2. Adrenergic Agonists
    epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
          
    3. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker
    prazosin (Minipress®)
    terazosin (Hytrin®)
    doxazosin (Cardura®)
     
    4. Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist
    dobutamine 
     
    5. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist
    formoterol (Foradil®)
    albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)
    terbutaline (Brethine®)
     
    6. Beta Blocker (Selective)
    atenolol (Tenormin®)
    metoprolol (Lopressor®)
                      
    7. Beta Blocker (Nonselective)
    nadolol (Corgard®)
    propranolol (Inderol®)
    timolol (Blocadren®)
    ]]>     2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342172     Drug Examples gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342173 1. Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
    acetylcholine
    pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
    bethanechol (Urecholine®)

    2. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonist
    neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

    3. Anticholinergic
    atropine
    dicyclomine (Bentyl®)    ]]>     2022-09-09 23:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290342173     Sources gienrobertdevilla https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290349087 All sources were derived from the textbook and lecture notes.]]> 2022-09-10 00:12:53 UTC https://padlet.com/gienrobertdevilla/66ql6d6qnakh47zv/wish/2290349087