Theoretical Orientation:

>Aims to develop student's intellectual moral qualities( teaching academy N.D)

>Rational and Critical Thinkers

Educational Value:

>importance of mastery of the content and development of reasoning skills

Teacher role:

>figure authority in the classroom

>focuses on the value associated with reason

Student Role:

> students are going to learn the truth as taught by the teacher

Educational Process:

>Recommend schools spend more time teaching about concepts meaningful to students

Theoretical Orientation:

>Human condition through social reform learning by doing, engaging activities and hand on projects

Educational value:

> Integrity, Objectives, excellence and profit

>values central to culture

Teacher role:

>Facilitator in the classroom

>help students understand importance of learning

Student Role:

>teaches lifelong learners can think critically and solve problems

Educational Process

>systematic, sequenced and planned course on order the students achieve the outcomes teaching and learning

was an American psychologist who is considered the father of the psychological school of behaviorism.

theoretical Orientation:

>importance of external stimuli in shaping observable behavior.

Educational Value:

>Promotes structured learning where instructions is systematic

>repetition and practice

Teacher Role:

> Act as a facilitator of learning through reinforcement and structured guidance

Student Role:

>respond to the stimuli and reward

Educational Process:

>Views observable changes in behavior through systematic reinforcement and conditioning

Theoretical Orientation:

>create enriching environment

>supports holistic, personal and intrinsic motivation

Educational Value:

>human values and individual dignity

>support development of essential skills

Teacher Role:

>Guide the students critical thinking and self-awareness

>deep appreciation of human values and ethics

Student Role:

>active participants in learning process

>engage in critical ideas

Educational Process:

seeks to create nurturing and inclusive environment that value each students unique contribution and supports development thoughtful and compassionate individuals.

>learner construct their own understanding through experiences and reflection.

>social change- critical reflection - interdisciplinary and active learning.

Educational values:

> it supports active and life long learning skills

Teacher Role:

>facilitator of critical inquiry

>promoter of social responsibility

>encourage of reflection

Student role:

>active participants

>Reflective practitioners and change agents

Educational Process:

>dynamic learning that links academic content and experience with societal relevance.

> focuses on individual experiences and emphasis on choice and freedom

>personal responsibility and authenticity

Educational Value:

>it aims to develop well-rounded individual and promoting self discovery, fostering critical thinking and meaningful learning

Teacher Role:

>aims to nurture students personal growth and self directed learning.

Student Role:

>engage in self-exploration and make personal choice.

>seek meaning and act authenticity to their own personal and educational development.

Educational Process:

> seeks to help student understand themselves and their place in the world, fostering as deeper connection between learning and personal meaning.

>core body of knowledge and skills necessary for students to become productive members of society.

>it also emphasis student-centered learning and active inquiry.

Educational Value:

>it is structured and disciplined approach to learning and it prioritizes the core knowledge and academic that aims students responsibilities practical life experience.

Teacher Role:

>authoritative figure who imparts core knowledge, enforces discipline, and directs the learning process, ensuring students acquire essential skills and values for societal contribution.

Student Role:

>expected to be disciplined, receptive learners who absorb foundational knowledge and skills, follow teacher guidance, and work diligently to meet academic and behavioral standards.

Educational Process:

>it is structured, teacher-centered, and focused on delivering a core curriculum that emphasizes foundational knowledge, disciplined study, and moral development to prepare students for responsible adulthood.

>student-centered, emphasizing experiential learning, problem-solving, and the application of knowledge to real-world situations, with a focus on adaptability and continuous growth through inquiry and experimentation.

Educational Value:

>practical, experiential learning

>critical thinking, problem-solving and preparing students in real world situations.

Teacher Role:

>facilitator and guide while supporting students in discovering knowledge through inquiry and real-world experiences.

Student Role:

>active role as explorers and problem-solvers, engaging in hands-on experiences, critical thinking, and collaboration to construct their own understanding and apply knowledge to real-life situations.

Educational Process:

>dynamic and interactive, centered around student inquiry, real-world problem-solving, and experiential learning, with a focus on applying knowledge to practical situations and adapting to new challenges.