Make it Stick by Ashley Weeks-Paquette

Retrieval Practice

aweekspaquette — 2023-09-18 13:06:26 UTC

Recalling information from memory bus a better learning strategy than rereading, Page 10, Karpicke, Butler, Roediger (2010)

Repetition

aweekspaquette — 2023-09-18 13:06:32 UTC

Repetition by itself does not enhance memory recall or learning overall, Pages 13-14, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 5 (1966) 193-197

Study Strategies

aweekspaquette — 2023-09-18 13:06:48 UTC

Most used study strategies by college students is highlighting, underlining, and repetitive reading of notes/readings, Page 15, Karpicke et al and McCabe (2010)

Testing

aweekspaquette — 2023-09-18 15:56:03 UTC

Testing his been found to be an effective measure when it comes to enhancing memory recall, especially when done at low-stakes and/or having no repercussions towards grading, Page 20, McDaniel, Argawal, Huesler, Dermott, and Roediger, (2011)

"Forgetting Curves"

aweekspaquette — 2023-09-25 13:48:26 UTC

after reading/hearing something, you forget about 70% of the information immediately, and loose the remaining 30% slowly over time. Page 28, Ebbinghaus (1885)

Retrieval-Practice Effect

aweekspaquette — 2023-09-25 13:49:40 UTC

Repeatedly recalling information helps strengthen the memory and promote retrieval. Page 28, Roediger and Karpicke, (2006)

Test-Enhanced Learning

aweekspaquette — 2023-09-25 13:51:07 UTC

Memory tests have been found to be very successful when it comes to increasing long term retention. Page 39, Psychological Science 17, (2006)

Encoding

aweekspaquette — 2023-10-10 19:18:19 UTC

Learning that is gained through less challenging mass practice is encoded in a simpler way, compared to being gained through more challenging means which would then result in the information being encoded in a more complicated way. This will also determine how broadly the information could be applied. Page 51-51, Kantak et al. (2010)

Higher Sphere of Comprehension

aweekspaquette — 2023-10-11 00:57:43 UTC

Strategies that are used to help identify and discern complex prototypes, can also aide individuals in grasping contextual and functional differences that broaden the acquisition of simple knowledge and goes into the higher sphere of comprehension. Page 55, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition 36 (2010), 1441-1442

Forgetting in Order to Learn New Things

aweekspaquette — 2023-10-25 19:21:14 UTC

Older information stored in the long term memory is slightly forgotten or reassigned when new information is being processed, in order for older and newer information to be stored. Page 78-79, New York Psychology Press (2010) 1-22

Effortful Recall

aweekspaquette — 2023-10-25 19:22:47 UTC

Requires you to 'reload' or reconstruct components of the information from long-term memory rather than repeat then from short-term memory mindlessly. Page 82, Gernsbacher et al (2009)

Spaced Practice

aweekspaquette — 2023-10-25 19:24:21 UTC

Allows for some forgetting to occur between information intake, which allows for strengthening of learning, cues and routes that are needed for fast retrieval. Page 82, Nature 463 (2010), 49-53

Interleaved Practice

aweekspaquette — 2023-10-25 19:25:36 UTC

Requires that you notice similarities and differences in order to solve something, this leads to the encoding of the study material, or information. Page 85, Memory and Cognition 41 (2013) 392-402

Testing and Retrieval Practice

aweekspaquette — 2023-11-08 14:47:32 UTC

Important to use and practice this frequently to verify what you do know and what you think you know. Page 125, Memory 16 (2008)

Peer Instruction

aweekspaquette — 2023-11-08 14:49:58 UTC

Materials and information that is being taught to the class is reviewed by students individually prior to learning it in class. Students are also tasked with working together in groups to review questions, knowledge of the information and discuss different view points and opinions. Page 126, Mazur, Eric, Peer Instruction: A User's Manual (1997)

Fluid Intelligence

aweekspaquette — 2023-11-13 14:22:40 UTC

The ability to see relationships, think abstractly, be reasonable, and hold information in mind while working on a problem. Works with Crystallized Intelligence to enable individuals to learn, reason and solve problems. Page 146-147, Hunt, Earl, Human Intelligence (2010)

Crystallized Intelligence

aweekspaquette — 2023-11-13 14:24:29 UTC

An individuals accumulated knowledge of the world and the procedures/mental models developed from past learning/experience. Works with Fluid Intelligence to enable individuals to learn, reason and solve problems. Page 147, Hunt, Earl, Human Intelligence (2010)

Memory Cues

aweekspaquette — 2023-11-28 20:41:32 UTC

Is made up of mnemonic devices, such as memory palace, that help trigger memories through cues such as images associated with verbal or abstract material. Page 185-186, Pavio, A. Imagery and Verbal Processes (1971)

Memory Palace

aweekspaquette — 2023-11-28 20:42:42 UTC

A complex type of mnemonic device that is used when storing, holding and recalling large amounts or complex information. Page 185, Pavio, A. Imagery and Verbal Processes (1971)

Mnemonic Devices

aweekspaquette — 2023-11-28 20:45:13 UTC

Different methods that are used to help store and recall information through a structure like number scheme, travel route, floor plan, song, poem, aphorism, or acronym. Page 189, Hunt and Worthy, Mnemonology: Mnemonics for the 21st Century. (2011)

Peg Method

aweekspaquette — 2023-11-28 20:45:55 UTC

A type of mnemonic device that uses rhyming and numbers to store and recall concrete images. Page 189, Hunt and Worthy, Mnemonology: Mnemonics for the 21st Century. (2011)