https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w Nick Hardy en-us 2018-03-22 12:58:07 UTC 2025-12-22 17:27:40 UTC hello@padlet.com 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244964138 a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.]]> 2018-03-22 13:02:42 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244964138 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244966492 the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.]]> 2018-03-22 13:07:42 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244966492 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244969803 fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.]]> 2018-03-22 13:14:29 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244969803 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244973305 The Supreme Court has also ruled that the right against double jeopardy precludes only subsequent criminal proceedings. ]]> 2018-03-22 13:20:54 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244973305 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244976081 This type of speech is generally protected under the First Amendment. nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband.]]> 2018-03-22 13:25:50 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244976081 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244982197 A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination.]]> 2018-03-22 13:35:25 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244982197 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244985506 De jure segregation is separation enforced by law, occurs when widespread individual preferences, sometimes backed up with private pressure, lead to separation.]]> 2018-03-22 13:41:20 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244985506 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244987481 reasonable grounds

]]> 2018-03-22 13:44:34 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244987481 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244988552 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.]]> 2018-03-22 13:46:30 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244988552 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244991642 A legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.]]> 2018-03-22 13:51:22 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244991642 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244992815 Incorporation, in U.S. law, is the process by which American courts have applied portions of the U.S. Bill of Rights to the states.]]> 2018-03-22 13:53:16 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244992815 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244994410 A landmark United States Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.]]> 2018-03-22 13:56:11 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244994410 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244995226 a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.]]> 2018-03-22 13:57:22 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244995226 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244997057 Miranda v. Arizona was a Supreme Court case that overturned Ernesto Miranda's conviction for kidnapping and rape because he had not been informed of his legal rights prior to confessing.]]> 2018-03-22 14:00:10 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/244997057 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245177256 The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws".]]> 2018-03-22 18:32:43 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245177256 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245178746 A landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, ]]> 2018-03-22 18:35:28 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245178746 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245410807 From the 1890's to the 1960's, many state governments in the Southern United States administered literacy tests to prospective voters purportedly to test their literacy in order to vote. In practice, these tests were intended to disenfranchise racial minorities.]]> 2018-03-23 12:10:58 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245410807 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245412012 An action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.]]> 2018-03-23 12:14:15 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245412012 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245412752 the former practice of segregating black people in the US. ]]> 2018-03-23 12:16:26 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245412752 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245420042 This ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.]]> 2018-03-23 12:36:11 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245420042 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245421044 Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, is a landmark decision issued in 1973 by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions]]> 2018-03-23 12:38:45 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245421044 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245422599 Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, also known as the Dred Scott case, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on US labor law and constitutional law. ]]> 2018-03-23 12:42:43 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245422599 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245423509 Case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on May 18, 1896, by a seven-to-one majority (one justice did not participate), advanced the controversial “separate but equal” doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws.]]> 2018-03-23 12:44:48 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245423509 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245425623  Is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment.]]> 2018-03-23 12:49:29 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245425623 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245427303 Rational basis review is a test courts may is to determine the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance. To pass rational basis review, the challenged law must be rationally related to a legitimate government interest.]]> 2018-03-23 12:53:02 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245427303 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245431794 Free Exercise Clause. Free Exercise Clause refers to the section of the First Amendment italicized here: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise]]> 2018-03-23 13:01:52 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245431794 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245432121 Judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.]]> 2018-03-23 13:02:29 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245432121 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245433401 Was a case argued before the Supreme Court of the United States. The court ruled in an 8–1 decision that Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education]]> 2018-03-23 13:05:15 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245433401 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245563363 The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights that protects freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, and right to petition.

]]> 2018-03-23 16:45:06 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245563363 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245572108 The right to bear arms 

]]> 2018-03-23 17:02:09 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245572108 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245572372 Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any search warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. It is part of the Bill of Rights.]]> 2018-03-23 17:02:45 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245572372 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245573840 The Fifth Amendment imposes restrictions on the government's prosecution of persons accused of crimes.]]> 2018-03-23 17:05:40 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245573840 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245577359 Was simply discrimination that was not segregation by law.]]> 2018-03-23 17:12:50 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245577359 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245581470 a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.]]> 2018-03-23 17:20:11 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245581470 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245581945 Etablishes the laws and treaties of the United States made in accordance with it as the supreme law of the land, forbids a religious test as a requirement. ]]> 2018-03-23 17:21:07 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245581945 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245601717 Is speech directed at the overthrow of government.]]> 2018-03-23 17:56:31 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245601717 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245603019 This amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases and inhibits courts from overturning a jury's findings of fact.]]> 2018-03-23 17:58:51 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245603019 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245604923 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.]]> 2018-03-23 18:02:22 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245604923 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245605696 The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.]]> 2018-03-23 18:03:43 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245605696 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245608152 the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.]]> 2018-03-23 18:07:48 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245608152 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245609192 a claim must generally be false and must have been made to someone other than the person defamed.]]> 2018-03-23 18:09:46 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245609192 19nbhardy https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245609946 United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of speech and freedom of assembly.]]> 2018-03-23 18:11:18 UTC https://padlet.com/19nbhardy/64c0clnsbd4w/wish/245609946