Hepatitis B by Nicole Gotcher https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm en-us 2024-04-13 23:43:26 UTC 2024-04-30 13:23:05 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f489.png CAUSATIVE AGENT nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953531118 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

  • It's Genus is an orthohepadnavirus; apart of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses

  • Within the Hepadnaviridae there are five genera: Parahapadnavirus, Metahapanavirus, Herpatohapanavirus, Avihepadnavirus, and Orthohepanavirus.

  • Orthohepadanavirus is the genus that infects mammals.

]]> 2024-04-14 00:00:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953531118 CHARACTERISTICS nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953531426

  • Gram negative

  • 40-45 nm in diameter

  • With a 32 or 36 nm internal nucleocapsid

  • spherical

  • similar to a retrovirus

    • ]]>     2024-04-14 00:02:25 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953531426     MODE OF TRANSMISSION nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532110 1) perinatal infection (during pregnancy or delivery)

    2) sexual contact ( semen or vaginal secretions)

    3) contaminated Blood

    ]]>     2024-04-14 00:05:13 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532110     VIRULENCE FACTOR nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532202 Hepatitis B has a high viral load (VL); It spreads so fast because of its ability to persist in infected cells.

    1. HBV surface antigen( HBsAg): it is the indicator that it has taken over and shows the immune system.

    2. HBV x protein (HBx): transactivator of gene expression and is pleiotrophic which means it can affect 2 or more characteristics of the cell.

    3. HBVe antigen: it is secreted from the HBcAg and it is the main reason for the high viral replication.

    ]]>     2024-04-14 00:05:35 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532202     SYMPTOMS nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532304

  • dark urine

  • vomiting

  • jaundice ( yellowing of the skin/whites of the eyes)

  • fever

  • joint pain

  • loss of appetite

    • ]]>     2024-04-14 00:06:07 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532304     HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED? nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532458 Hepatitis can be diagnosed through blood tests. One being Hepatitis B surface antigen test (HBSAG); it can tell a pt that they have chronic Hepatitis. It looks for anti-HBs and if someone has five or under mIUs (international units) they are negative. But having twelve or more mIUs its positive/protective (Stanford Medicine). The test is taken via a blood sample, but can also be done with genital secretions & other body fluids.

    ]]>     2024-04-14 00:06:44 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532458     TREATMENT nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532605 There is no cure. But there are medications you can take for chronic hepatitis B(CHB); one being Tenofovir entecavir. Helps slow down the virus ability to damage the liver(suppressor). Most people have to take this for about 48 weeks.

    ]]>     2024-04-14 00:07:37 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532605     SEQUELAE nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532791 If you have chronic Hepatitis B it can lead to many long term effects:

    • liver damage

    • liver scarring

    • liver failure

    • liver cancer

    • death

    ]]>     2024-04-14 00:08:36 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953532791     PREVENTION & VACCINES nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533013

  • Vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine is >95% effective in preventing Hepatitis B. There are three shots that are given over six months for life long immunity. (Stanford Medicine)

  • Prevention:

  • Get the vaccine

  • Wear condoms

  • Make sure clean needles are being used for any procedure.

  • Don’t use drugs that aren’t prescribed for you( don’t inject drugs)

    • ]]>     2024-04-14 00:09:38 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533013     EPIDEMIOLOGY nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533152

  • currently infects approximately 296 million people worldwide. (CDC)

    • ]]>     2024-04-14 00:10:19 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533152     FUN FACTS nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533371 1) The Hepatitis B vaccine is so good at preventing hepatitis B and liver cancer that the the World Health Organization said it is the first "anti-cancer vaccine". (Stanford Medicine)

    2) HBV was first discovered in 1965 by Dr. Baruch Blumberg who then went along to then receive a noble prize for the discovery.

    ]]>     2024-04-14 00:11:29 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533371     A&V nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533455 2024-04-14 00:11:58 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533455 REFRENCES nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533521

  • Lars Magnius, William S. Mason, John Taylor, Michael Kann, Dieter Glebe, Paul Dény, Camille Sureau, Helene Norder, and ICTV Report Consortium, 2020, ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepadnaviridae, Journal of General Virology, 101:571–572. 

  • “Hepatitis B.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 24 Sept. 2022, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-b/symptoms-causes/syc-20366802.

  • Asian Liver Center. “Are There Blood Tests for Hepatitis B?” Asian Liver Center, med.stanford.edu/liver/education/screening.html#:~:text=Ask%20your%20doctor%20for%20the,are%20protected%

    20against%20hepatitis%20B. Accessed 13 Apr. 2024.

  • “Products - Data Briefs - Number 361 - March 2020.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 25 Mar. 2020, www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db361.htm.

  • “Fast Facts on Global Hepatitis B.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 22 Mar. 2022, www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/immunization/diseases/hepatitis-b/data/fast-facts.html#:~:text=Hepatitis%20B%20Affects%20Millions%20of,infections%20progress%20to%20liver%20cancer.





    • ]]>     2024-04-14 00:12:24 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953533521     nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953853488 2024-04-14 15:34:07 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2953853488 nicolegotcher1 https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2954060266 2024-04-14 23:33:52 UTC https://padlet.com/nicolegotcher1/62ktuobscyfodjmm/wish/2954060266