Historical Foundations by Kristina Kenney https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky Kristina Kenney en-us 2016-07-15 17:39:52 UTC 2023-02-08 17:16:36 UTC hello@padlet.com New Approaches kenney_k https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478442 - Since the fourth force, theories of counseling and psychotherapy and their implementations have changed.

- Narrative therapy, dialectics and new therapies including philosophy have helped understand people more fully and empower people to take more action in their own emotions, perceptions, and behaviors.]]> 2016-07-15 17:53:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478442 Fourth Force kenney_k https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478543 - In the beginning of the 21st century, elements of the first, second and third force treatment approaches are combined into a comprehensive effort to understand people as a whole.

- Awareness and understanding of individual identity, development of relationships, culturally competent, different perspectives, and effective treatment plans.

- More networking, collaboration, and use of resources.]]> 2016-07-15 17:57:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478543 Third Force kenney_k https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478723 - Carl Roger's work in the 1960s led to the development of existential-humanistic psychotherapy.

- Fritz Perle, Viktor Frankl, and others contributed to this third force.

- Emphasis on emotions and sensations of people taking control and meaning of their own lives.

- This approach shed light to the importance of the therapeutic alliance.]]> 2016-07-15 18:02:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478723 Second Force kenney_k https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478814 - B. F. Skinner's research and practice led to the development of behavioral and cognitive theories and interventions. 

- Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, William Glasser, and Donald Meichenbaum contributed to the second force too.

- Cognitive and behavioral treatment approaches emphasize the influence of thoughts and actions on emotions.

- Focus on the present, decrease dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors while replacing them with positive thoughts and actions.]]> 2016-07-15 18:06:57 UTC https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478814 First Force kenney_k https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478961 - Sigmund Freud's work led to the development of psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy.

- Viewing the past 
experiences of one that is contributing to that person's present emotional difficulties.

- Emphasis on the 
unconscious and long-term treatment.

- Provided a solid foundation for the field of psychotherapy.]]> 2016-07-15 18:14:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116478961 Prior to the 19th Century kenney_k https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116479037 - People had little understanding of mental disorders or emotional difficulties.

- People where confined or institutionalized.

- People that needed help did not receive it and there were ineffective treatments, mistreatment, and no professional help aided.]]> 2016-07-15 18:17:43 UTC https://padlet.com/kenney_k/5wnmtwnx0cky/wish/116479037