An in-depth examination of a single instance or event to explore causation and find underlying principles.

Technical Definition:

A research strategy involving an empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context using multiple source of evidence.

Immersing oneself in a community or organization to observe and interpret cultural practices and social interactions.

Technical Definition: A qualitative research method aimed at studying cultures and communities by observing them in their natural setting, often through participant observation and interviews.

Selecting participants based on specific characteristics or qualities to gain relevant insights.  

Technical Definition: A non-probability sampling technique where researchers intentionally select individuals who are most likely to provide valuable data related to the research question, ensuring the sample is information-rich.  

A guided discussion with a selected group to gather diverse perspectives on a topic.  

Technical Definition:

A qualitative data collection method where a small, diverse group of people discusses a specific topic under the guidance of a moderator, providing insights into collective views and the meanings behind them. 

Studying individuals' lived experiences to understand the essence of a phenomenon.  

Technical Definition:

A qualitative research approach focusing on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular group, aiming to describe the universal essence of that experience.  

Developing a theory inductively by collecting and analyzing data systematically during the research process.

Technical Definition:

A research methodology that involves constructing theories through methodical gathering and analysis of data, emphasizing inductive reasoning.

Setting aside personal biases to approach the research with an open mind.  

Technical Definition: A process in phenomenological research where researchers identify and set aside their own preconceptions and biases to approach the study with a fresh perspective, aiming for objectivity.  

Developing general theories from specific observations.  

Technical Definition:

A reasoning process in which patterns, themes, and categories emerge from specific data, leading to the formulation of broader generalizations or theories.

The practice of reflecting on one's biases, values, and influence on the research process.

Technical Definition:

A process by which researchers recognize and disclose their own position and potential influence on the research, acknowledging that research cannot be entirely objective.

Engaging with a community or group to observe behaviors and interactions from an insider perspective.  

Technical Definition:

A data collection method where the researcher immerses themselves in the participants' environment to observe behaviors, rituals, and interactions in their natural setting.  

Documenting all research decisions and activities to ensure transparency.  

Technical Definition:

A comprehensive record of all aspects of the research process, including data collection, analysis, and interpretation, enabling others to trace the researcher's steps and assess the study's dependability.  

Providing detailed accounts of social contexts to convey deeper understanding.  

Technical Definition: A method of presenting detailed, contextualized descriptions of social actions and their meanings, allowing readers to understand the context and interpret the findings within that framework.  

Writing reflective notes during data collection and analysis to capture thoughts and insights.

Technical Definition:

The practice of recording reflective writings by researchers throughout the research process to document ideas, insights, and connections, aiding in data analysis and theory development.

Sharing findings with participants to confirm accuracy and resonance with their experiences. 

Technical Definition:

A validation process in qualitative research where data, interpretations, or conclusions are returned to participants to verify the authenticity of the information and interpretations, thereby enhancing credibility. 

Collecting and analyzing stories from individuals to understand how they make sense of their experiences.  

Technical Definition:

A qualitative research method that uses narratives or stories as units of analysis to understand how individuals construct meaning in their lives.

Triangulation is conducted by using multiple data sources, methods, or researchers to cross-verify findings. The goal is to ensure the credibility, validity, and reliability of results.

Technical Definition: Triangulation in research means using multiple datasets, methods, theories, and/or investigators to address a research question. It is the use of multiple methods or data sources in qualitative research to develop a comprehensive understanding of phenomena.

Credibility is established by transparently reporting research methods, linking findings to raw data, and using techniques such as member checking to validate interpretations with participants.

Technical Definition: Credibility refers to the truth value of the findings in a qualitative theory building study. It establishes whether the research findings represent plausible information drawn from the participants' original data and is a correct interpretation of the participants' original views.

The point in data collection when no new information or themes are observed in the data.  

Technical Definition:

A criterion used in qualitative research to determine when data collection can cease, occurring when additional data no longer contributes to new insights or reveals new properties.  

Identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) within data to interpret various aspects of the research topic.

Technical Definition:

A qualitative analytic method for systematically identifying, organizing, and offering insight into patterns of meaning (themes) across a dataset.