It focuses on how something looks, smells, feels, sounds, or tastes.

Example:

> My cat is very cute. It has white fur, blue eyes, and a long tail.

> A descriptive text is a kind of text that describes a person, place, animal, or thing in detail so that the reader can imagine it clearly

It focuses on how something looks, smells, tastes, feels, or sounds by using adjectives and vivid language.

Example:

Descriptive text about a cat — “My cat is small and fluffy. She has bright blue eyes and soft white fur. She likes to sleep under the warm sunlight.”

Using linking verbs → is, am, are, has, have

Using sensory words → looks, smells, tastes, sounds, feels

Focus on one specific object/person/place

→ Describes the features, qualities, or characteristics of the object in detail.

Example: “It has two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a small garden in front

.”

> Example: My school is one of the biggest schools in town.

2. Description – describes parts, qualities, and characteristics in detail.

> Example: It has two large buildings, a green garden, and a clean library.

→ This part introduces the subject or thing that will be described.

It tells what or who is being talked about.

Example: “My school is one of the biggest schools in the city.”

2. Description

→ This part describes the characteristics, features, or details of the subject — such as appearance, qualities, habits, or parts.

Example: “It has three large buildings, a big yard, and many beautiful gardens.”

Using simple present tense → “She has long hair.”

Using linking verbs → is, am, are, has, have

Using specific nouns → my cat, the Eiffel Tower, Borobudur Temple

Using figurative language (sometimes) → similes or metaphors (e.g., “Her smile is like sun

shine.”)

- Use of Adjectives: To describe nouns and provide specific details (e.g., a "tall" building, a "beautiful" sunset).

- Use of Linking Verbs: To connect the subject with its description (e.g., "The sky is blue," "She seems happy").

- Use of Simple Present Tense: To describe facts and general truths about the subject.

- Use of Sensory Language: To appeal to the reader's senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) and create a vivid image.

- Specific Nouns: Using particular nouns rather than general ones to create a clearer picture (e.g., "Siamese cat" instead of just "cat").

- Figurative Language: Use of similes, metaphors, and personification to create more vivid and imaginative descriptions.

→ This part introduces the object or person that will be described.

It gives general information about who or what is being described.

Example: “My cat is a cute and playful animal.”

2. Description

→ This part describes the details of the object, such as its appearance, qualities, characteristics, or parts.

Example: “It has soft white fur, blue eyes, and a long tail. It likes to play with a ball.”

1. *Identification* (Identifikasi)

- This section introduces the subject of the description, providing a brief overview or identification of the person, place, object, or event being described.

- It sets the context and provides background information about the subject.

2. *Description* (Deskripsi)

- This section provides detailed descriptions of the subject, using sensory details to paint a vivid picture in the reader's mind.

- It describes the physical characteristics, features, and attributes of the subject, as well as its emotional and sensory qualities.

The generic structure of descriptive text can be represented as follows:

*Identification* → *Description*

In the Identification section, the writer introduces the subject

1. Identification – introduces the object being described.

2. Description – describes the parts, qualities, or characteristics of the objec

t.

→ Because descriptive text tells facts or general truth.

Example: “The cat has blue eyes.

2. Using Adjectives

→ To describe the characteristics or qualities of the noun.

Example: “She is a beautiful girl.

3. Using Linking Verbs (is, am, are, has, have, etc.)

→ To connect the subject with its description.

Example: “The flower is red.”

4. Using Specific Nouns

→ To mention particular objects or people.

Example: “My dog, Buddy, is very friendly.”

5. Using Figurative Language (sometimes)

→ Such as similes or metaphors to make descriptions more interesting.

Example: “Her hair is as black as coal.”

1. *Adjectives*: Words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns, such as "beautiful", "vibrant", "serene".

2. *Adverbs*: Words that describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, such as "slowly", "loudly", "vigorously".

3. *Sensory language*: Words or phrases that appeal to the senses, such as "the sweet scent of roses", "the sound of waves crashing", "the feel of sand between my toes".

4. *Figurative language*: Language that uses comparisons, metaphors, similes, personification, and other literary devices to create vivid descriptions, such as "he was a shining star on the stage", "the city was a beast that swallowed you whole".

5. *Specific nouns*: Words that refer to specific objects, places, or people, such as "the Eiffel Tower", "the Grand Canyon", "Leonardo da Vinci".

6. *Action verbs*: Verbs that describe physical or mental actions, such as "sparkled", "danced", "whispered".

7. *Imagery*: Language that creates mental images or pictures, such as "the golden sunset", "the dark and stormy night".

8. *Hyperbole*: Exaggerated language used for emphasis or effect, such as "I'm so hungry I could eat a whole elephant".

Description: Tells about the parts, qualities, or characteristics of the subject.

Use of simple present tense

Use of linking verbs (is, are, has, have)

Function: To introduce or identify the object that will be described.

What it contains: The name, location, or general information about the person, place, animal, or thing.

Adjectives – to describe characteristics like color, shape, size, or qualities.

Simple Present Tense – because descriptive text usually describes facts.

Detailed Description – to help the reader imagine the object.

Linking Verbs / Relating Verbs – to connect the subject and its description.

Figurative Language (optional) – to make the description more interesting.

1. Identification:

- What it is: This part introduces the person, place, thing, or event that is being described.

- Purpose: To identify the subject of the description, giving the reader context about what will be described in detail.

- Example: "Borobudur is a famous temple located in Central Java, Indonesia."

2. Description:

- What it is: This part provides specific details about the subject's characteristics, qualities, parts, or behaviors.

- Purpose: To describe the subject in detail, using sensory language and specific adjectives to create a vivid image in the reader's mind.

- Example: "The temple has nine platforms, six square and three circular, topped by a central dome. The walls are decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues."

Description - tells the parts,

qualities, and characteristics in detail.

Because descriptive text talks about facts or general truth.

Example: “She has long hair.” / “The house is big.”

Using Adjectives (Kata sifat)

To describe the characteristics of the object.

Example: beautiful, tall, small, clean, friendly.

Using Nouns (Kata benda)

To mention the object being described.

Example: cat, park, school, house.

Using Linking Verbs (is, am, are, has, have)

To connect the subject with its description.

Example: “The flower is red.”

- Example: "The fragrant aroma of coffee filled the room."

- Use of Present Tense: Although not always, descriptive text often uses the present tense to give an impression of permanence or continuity.

- Focus: It concentrates on detailing sensory information (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) to create a clear and engaging picture for the reader.

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- Purpose: The goal is to help the reader imagine and experience the subject as if they were there.

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- Key Features: Relies heavily on adjectives, descriptive language, and specific details.