_{-Edo is modern day Tokyo}

_{-Bunraku was initially referred to as Ningyo joruri and later renamed to Bunraku in 1872}

-Narration and music collaboration used in Bunraku became popularized in the 13th century

_{-In the 16th century the shamisen became the primary instrument used in Bunraku}

_{-Established the Takemoto-za theatre in Dotonbori, Osaka in 1684}

_{-Developed the sung narrative style of Gidayu-bushi which became synonymous with that of Bunraku}

-Bunraku performances consisted of plays set in feudalistic Japan (Jidaimono) and contemporary dramas regarding love affairs and social obligation (Sewamono)

-Three visible puppeteers articulate each character behind a waist high screen

-The narrator (tayu) and musician sit on a yuka (projected elevated platform) on the righthand wall facing the audience

_{-The primary instrument used in Bunraku performances is the shamisen (three-stringed spike lute)}

_{-The narrator describes the action on stage and voices all male and female characters}

_{-Narrator relies on both scripted text and improvisation during performances}

_{-This 3 puppeteer style was derived from the initial single puppeteer style in the 18th century}

-The main puppeteer (omozukai) moves the body and head with their left hand by holding the doll's neck and uses their right hand to operate the puppet's right hand

-The second puppeteer (hidarizukai) operates the doll's left hand with their own right hand

-The third puppeteer (ashizukai) articulates the doll's feet with both hands

_{-Female dolls, by rule, lack feet, therefore the ashizukai uses their arms and hands to hold and move the doll's kimono to give the illusion of moving legs}

-The overall assembly of the puppeteers consist of the omozukai being on the doll's right, the hidarizukai on the dolls left, and the ashizukai standing in position between them

-Occasionally the hidarizukai and and ashizukai are dressed in all black with hoods over their heads while the omozukai wears a hakama, but it is not entirely uncommon for all three to be seen wearing either a hakama or a black hood and clothing

_{-Was an author who entered the performing arts whilst being a samurai}

_{-Wrote the first new work performed at Takemoto-za: "Shusse Kagekiyo (Kagekiyo Victorious)"}

_{-Takemoto-za and Toyotake-za's rivalry further popularized Bunraku, helping the art reach its golden age}

_{-The modern name for Bunraku is derived from Bunrakuken's troupe name: Bunrakuza}

-The National Bunraku Theatre opened in Osaka in 1984

-Since 2008, Bunraku has been recognized as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

“Bunraku | Traditional Kyoto.” Traditional Kyoto, traditionalkyoto.com/culture/bunraku/.

“Invitation to BUNRAKU.” Jac.go.jp, 2017, www2.ntj.jac.go.jp/unesco/bunraku/en/.

“Ningyo Johruri Bunraku Puppet Theatre | Amara.” Amara.org, 2024, amara.org/videos/asp7zSH7hXQj/info/ningyo-johruri-bunraku-puppet-theatre/. Accessed 9 Sept. 2024.

“時代雛特集｜山菜料理玉貴.” 山菜料理玉貴, 2019, www.sansai-tamaki.com/en/aboutus-hinadoll.html. Accessed 9 Sept. 2024.