Fall 2023 Respiratory by Sherry Turner Kaprelian

turners38 — 2023-08-25 19:10:02 UTC

Respiratory system

turners38 — 2023-08-25 19:10:02 UTC

Shawna Ryan

2023-09-29 18:54:55 UTC

1. Alveoli has two functions:
~Gas exchange
~ Secretes Surfactant

2. Getting carbon dioxide out of your body is more important than getting oxygen into your body.

Shawna Ryan

2023-09-29 19:08:06 UTC

1. The right lung has 3 lobes: RUL, RML, RLL. The left lung only has 2 lobes: LUL, LLL.

2. C7-T3 assess upper lobes of the posterior lungs and T3-T10 assess lower lobes of the posterior lungs.

Shawna Ryan

2023-09-29 19:13:56 UTC

1. Albuterol is a short acting bronchodilator.
2. After taking a corticosteroid make sure to rinse or gargle after each use.

Shawna Ryan

2023-09-29 19:26:51 UTC

1. In both bronchitis and emphysema blood gases will show low oxygen level and high carbon dioxide levels.
2. Bronchitis and emphysema are both categorized under COPD and both limit airflow. Some patients can actually have both.

Shawna Ryan

2023-09-29 19:36:31 UTC

1. Chronic Hypoxemia progress to cyanosis, causes constriction of pulmonary vessels and pulmonary hypertension.
2. Long term management of COPD is smoking cessation, avoiding triggers, and annual influenza/pneumonia vaccines.

Shawna Ryan

2023-09-29 20:08:00 UTC

1. Risk factors for getting pneumonia include prior infection (influenza or cold), week immune system, immobile, or post op from surgery.
2. There are two types of pneumonia:
~Community acquired.
~Hospital acquired.

Shawna Ryan

2023-09-29 20:21:54 UTC

1. The respiratory system alone causes a loss of 300-400ml of water per day. Increase fluids to keep hydrated.
2. Antibiotics used to treat Pneumonia:
vancomycin, macrolides, fluroquinolones, cephalosporin, tetracycline, and penicillin.

Shawna Ryan

2023-09-29 20:47:42 UTC

1. Typically, you start showing signs and symptoms of the flu about 4 days after exposure and can last up to 1 week.
2. The flu is spread person to person by respiratory droplets and can spread a few feet in the air.

Shawna Ryan

2023-09-29 21:24:10 UTC

1. TB is spread person to person through the air. Typically, infected person is coughing a lot.
2. Constitutional symptoms (things that effect the whole body) weight loss, fever/chills, and night sweats.

Kayla Sarkis

2023-09-29 21:34:37 UTC

1) The function of the respiratory system is to regulate acid-base balance, regulate water balance, regulate heat (water vapor), thermoregulation, provide defense against pathogens, helps with venous return (negative intrathoracic pressure), activation of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, vocalization, and olfaction.
2) It's a little bit more important for the body to get rid of carbon dioxide than take in oxygen because carbon dioxide effects the pH level of the body. If not regulated, potential respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis.

Kayla Sarkis

2023-09-29 21:46:07 UTC

1) When listening to lung sounds, it's better to do on direct skin versus over the patient's clothes because you could pick up other noises.

2) Listen to posterior lung sounds and avoid placing the stethoscope over the shoulder blades or scapula or the sounds could be muffled.

Kayla Sarkis

2023-09-29 21:52:58 UTC

1) Fluticasone is a corticosteroids. It's used to reduce inflammation. It helps prevent symptoms of asthma.

2) Albuterol is a bronchodilator. It's used to open the bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs and allow air flow.

Kayla Sarkis

2023-09-29 22:12:50 UTC

1) Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchioles and excess mucous production.

2) Emphysema is damage to the alveolar sacs which lose elasticity and don't inflate or deflate properly. This can lead to trapped air.

Kayla Sarkis

2023-09-29 22:25:23 UTC

1) COPD is chronic inflammation, usually from an irritant, that causes damage to the lungs and obstructs airflow.

2) S/s of COPD include: chronic cough, pursed lip breathing, accessory muscle use, barrel chest, cyanosis of the lips or finger tips, and potentially ride-sided heart failure.

Kayla Sarkis

2023-09-29 22:43:35 UTC

1) Most pneumonia is bacterial, however some cases are cased by viruses or fungi.

2) Respiratory acidosis: carbon dioxide is kept in the body and it's difficult to get oxygen (hypoxemia). ABGs: PO2 is less than 90 mmHg, pH is less than 7.35 mmHg, PCO2 is more than 45 mmHg.

Kayla Sarkis

2023-09-29 22:51:19 UTC

1) Nursing interventions: monitor lung sounds, vital signs such as RR and oxygen saturation levels, skin color, monitor ABG labs, sputum specimen, breathing treatments, medication administration, and education.

2) Medications: antipyretics, fluids, antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, antivirals for viral pneumonia.

Kayla Sarkis

2023-09-29 22:58:54 UTC

1) Influenza (flu) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. There are three types: influenza A, B, and C.

2) Upper respiratory tract: nose, nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and upper trachea.
Lower respiratory tract: lower trachea, lungs (bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli).

Kayla Sarkis

2023-09-29 23:08:40 UTC

1) TB is most commonly caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

2) Constitutional s/s: fever, chills, night sweats, weight loss
Lower respiratory tract s/s: cough, bloody sputum, chest pain, SOB
Duration: more than 3 weeks

M.Ujcich

2023-09-29 23:42:10 UTC

1. Signs of respiratory distress includes use of accessory muscle and tachypnea.

2.This system regulates the exchange of CO2 and oxygen. If this is disturbing the body tries by telling the heart to put fast, causing tachypnea and tachycardia.

M.Ujcich

2023-09-29 23:46:44 UTC

1. When assessing the lungs were looking to see if the patient has diminished lung sounds, crackles, and symmetry 2:1.

2. The assessment should also include a generalized overview of the body. Checking the nails for clubbing, SPO2, levels on the spirometry.

M.Ujcich

2023-09-30 00:06:29 UTC

1. Medications such as anti-inflammatory help decrease inflammation and reduces the swelling to allow the lungs to expand. Take these every day to prevent chronic asthma developing.

2. Diagnostic test for asthma includes, blood test, skin test, spirometry, chest x-ray, and culture the sputum.

M.Ujcich

2023-09-30 00:46:27 UTC

1. Bronchitis is the inflammation of the trachea and bronchi. When this gets inflamed the lungs swell and fil, with fluid causing you to have a persistent cough.

2. Acute bronchitis last for a few weeks and is typically caused by a viral infection. Chronic bronchitis can last for months but is associated with mucous.

M.Ujcich

2023-09-30 01:00:17 UTC

1. Causes of COPD can be due to air pollution, secondhand smoke, smoking, AAT genetic defiency and work environments that accumulate lots of dust.

2. Labs to test for COPD include ABG's, pulse ox, ECG or EKG, chest x-ray, CT scan, and exercise test.

Natalie Benisch

benischn11 — 2023-09-30 01:19:04 UTC

1. surfactant is anti-surface tension surface tension and will prevent lung collapse
2.respiratory system controls acid-base balance
-acidosis : low pH
-alkalosis : high pH

Natalie Benisch

benischn11 — 2023-09-30 01:30:02 UTC

1. c7 to t3 assesses the upper lobes, t3 to t10 assesses the lower lobes
2. since the scapula are large have your patient lean forward and flex the back to be able to listen to the lungs

M.Ujcich

2023-09-30 01:54:14 UTC

1. Pneumonia is inflammation and fluid in the lungs caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections.

2. Diagnositic test for Pneumonia include blood test, sputum culture, imaging, pulse ox, ABG and bronchoscopy

M.Ujcich

2023-09-30 02:03:04 UTC

1. Interventions of Pneumonia can include administering medications such as anti-viral, anti-fungal or antibiotic medications to help reduces the symptoms.

2. Another intervention for this Pneumonia can include giving the patient supplemental oxygen if O2 levels are low, increasing fluids and or helping the patient rid fluids, by recommending a foley to the HCP and waiting for the order.

M.Ujcich

2023-09-30 02:07:01 UTC

1. The flu is a common respiratory virus. Symptoms include fever, chills, body aches and congestion.

2. Mangement for the flu can include administering an antiviral within 48hrs of infections to help mild the symptoms, getting rest, fluids and food replenishing, cough suppressants and nasal spray for congestion.

M.Ujcich

2023-09-30 02:10:24 UTC

1. TB is a bacteria infection that mainly affects the lungs. TB can also affect other vital organs such as the brain if not treated.

2. Diagonostic test for TB include lab test on sputum and fluid in the lungs, chest Xray and CT.

Tonya Swift

swiftt21 — 2023-09-30 02:22:02 UTC

1. Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli that are in the lower part of the lungs.
2. The lungs has many functions. One is getting air into your body and getting carbon dioxide out of your body

Tonya Swift

swiftt21 — 2023-09-30 02:28:23 UTC

1. When listening to lung sounds you want to make sure that you hear the same sound on both sides of the lungs
2. To assess the posterior side of the lungs you want to assess the inside of the shoulder blades so the sound does not get muffled

Tonya Swift

swiftt21 — 2023-09-30 02:31:39 UTC

1. Bronchodilators are used to open up the bronchioles(short acting medication)
2.When using a corticosteroids you want to make sure the patient washes their mouth out because they can get thrush.

Tonya Swift

swiftt21 — 2023-09-30 02:34:49 UTC

1.Both conditions are the same by having a low O2 level but limit air flow.
2.They are both irreversible and there is no cure for it at all.

Tonya Swift

2023-10-01 22:03:16 UTC

1.Causes of COPD are inhalation of toxic substances or occupational pollutants
2.It is characterized by long term inflammation of the bronchial tubes

Tonya Swift

2023-10-01 22:38:35 UTC

1.Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that causes inflammation of the alveoli sacs
2.Risk factors for getting pneumonia are prior infection are HIV, change in neuro status, lung problem, post op from surgery.

Tonya Swift

2023-10-01 22:46:44 UTC

1.With Pneumonia make sure you auscultate lung sounds, vital signs, monitor blood gases from new one and former, assess when to suction, respiratory breathing treatment and educate patient on spirometer usage.
2. If patient is immobile make sure patient is up 30 degrees and they are being turned every two hours to keep moving to keep secretions moving due to risk for aspiration.

Tonya Swift

2023-10-01 22:51:35 UTC

1.Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus has three types: A,B, and C.
2.This virus is transmitted by person to person, touching contaminated surfaces and respiratory droplets/particles.

Tonya Swift

2023-10-01 22:57:02 UTC

1. TB is caused by a fungus called mycobacterium tuberculosis.
2.It is spread by the air by coughing alot.

Clarissa Pampuch

2023-10-03 02:05:32 UTC

1) Two stages of TB are active and latent infection stages.
2) To determine active TB must determine symptoms and the duration.

Constitutional symptoms

fever/ chills/ night sweats/ weight loss

Lower Resp. tract symptoms

cough/ chest pain/ bloody sputum/ trouble breathing

Duration

greater than 3 weeks

Clarissa Pampuch

2023-10-03 12:42:48 UTC

1) 3 types of influenza A,B,& C
Annual flu are types A & B

2) Annual vaccine is the best way for prevention. Should not receive if .....

Previous allergic reaction to vaccine or hypersensitivity to egg products ( must consult with provider before receiving, there are egg free vaccines)

Clarissa Pampuch

2023-10-04 01:32:34 UTC

1) Tripod breathing and pursed lip breathing make breathing easier.

2) COPD can be classified as

Chronic bronchitis (long term inflammation of bronchial tubes)
Emphysema (alveolar destruction which creates impaired gas exchange.

Julie Normany

2023-10-04 02:26:29 UTC

1. The respiratory system's main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.
2. The respiratory system takes up oxygen from the air we breathe and expels the unwanted carbon dioxide.

Julie Normany

2023-10-04 02:28:14 UTC

1. Ask yourself is there anything “weird” heard along with the inspiration and expiration. For example, are you hearing crackles or wheezes? This is very important to do during the assessment.
2. Have patient breathe in and out through mouth slowly while listening. Allow the patient to set the pace to prevent hyperventilating , especially patients with breathing disorders like COPD.

Julie Normany

2023-10-04 02:31:01 UTC

1. Albuterol is a short-acting bronchodilator. Bronchodilators open the bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs.
2. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid. Corticosteroids can be given various ways (by mouth, intravenous, inhaled, topical).

Julie Normany

2023-10-04 02:35:10 UTC

1. In chronic bronchitis the main issue is with inflammation of the bronchioles due to the damage from inhalation of some type of irritant.
2. In emphysema the main issue is with damage to the alveolar sac (loses elasticity…becomes floppy and doesn’t inflate and deflate properly) leading to “air-trapping”.

Julie Normany

2023-10-04 02:36:28 UTC

1. COPD is the airflow limitation caused by airway narrowing and/or obstruction, loss of elastic recoil, or both.
2. Signs and symptoms of COPD are

Shortness of breath, especially during physical activities.
Wheezing.
Chest tightness.
A chronic cough that may produce mucus (sputum) that may be clear, white, yellow or greenish.
Frequent respiratory infections.
Lack of energy.
Unintended weight loss (in later stages)
Swelling in ankles, feet or legs.

Julie Normany

2023-10-04 02:37:57 UTC

1. Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that causes inflammation of the alveoli sacs.
2. Signs and symptoms of pneumonia are

Cough, which may produce greenish, yellow or even bloody mucus.
Fever, sweating and shaking chills.
Shortness of breath.
Rapid, shallow breathing.
Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough.
Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue.

Julie Normany

2023-10-04 02:41:03 UTC

1. Incentive spirometry is a good intervention to use for pneumonia. Incentive spirometry should be done 10 times every 1 to 2 hours while awake.
2. While dealing with a patient that has pneumonia you also want to monitor their respiratory system such as listening to their lung sounds, vital signs, checking the color of their skin for cyanosis, suctioning as needed, and doing their breathing treatments.

Julie Normany

2023-10-04 02:42:31 UTC

1. Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs.
2. Signs and symptoms

fever or feeling feverish/chills.
cough.
sore throat.
runny or stuffy nose.
muscle or body aches.
headaches.
fatigue (tiredness)
some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults.

Julie Normany

2023-10-04 02:44:18 UTC

1. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by germs that are spread from person to person through the air. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, the kidneys, or the spine.
2. Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis are feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats.

Clarissa Pampuch

2023-10-04 03:52:03 UTC

1) chronic bronchitis s/s

chronic productive cough greater than 3 months, SOB, cyanosis, edema

Emphysema s/s

Wt loss, SOB, hyperventilation, barrel chest

2) They both limit airflow (decrease O2 & increase CO2) = respiratory acidosis.

Clarissa Pampuch

2023-10-04 04:03:49 UTC

1) give Albuterol 1st = bronchodilator and provides more air flow.

Give Fluticasone 2nd = corticosteroid and it decreases inflammation.

2) wait 5 min in between doses

Clarissa Pampuch

2023-10-04 16:13:35 UTC

1) Listen for lung sounds with diaphragm of stethoscope and directly on skin, not over clothing.

2) C7-T3 posterior is where you would listen for the upper lobes of both lungs.

Clarissa Pampuch

2023-10-04 16:31:35 UTC

1) 1 function of the respiratory system is regulation of acid base balance.
Respiratory acidosis

Low PH, High PCO2, High HCO3

Respiratory alkalosis

High PH. Low PCO2, Low HCO3

2)
URT
Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx
LRT
Tracheobronchial tree, alveoli

Clarissa Pampuch

2023-10-04 17:55:31 UTC

1) Community acquired - most occurring, got germ from outside of a healthcare setting
Hospital acquired- hard to treat, bacteria usually resistant to antibiotics. Developed 48-72hrs after admission.

2) DX: Auscultation, chest x ray, sputum culture

Clarissa Pampuch

2023-10-04 18:07:06 UTC

1) Antibiotics to treat depends on type of bacteria causing the infection.

2) Stay up to date with vaccines
Influenza: annually
Pneumovax: 65 and older every 5 yrs.

Alyssa Wheaton

2023-10-04 18:16:16 UTC

1. The main job of the lungs is to get carbon dioxide out, not getting the oxygen in.
2. URT- nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx
LRT- tracheobronchial tree, alveoli

Alyssa Wheaton

2023-10-04 18:21:57 UTC

1. The right lung has 3 lobes but the left lung only has 2 lobes.
2. Listen to lung sounds on bare skin for better results. Never listen over gown or clothes!

Alyssa Wheaton

2023-10-04 18:28:41 UTC

1. Always rinse mouth with water after corticosteroids!
2. Give bronchodilators first then wait 5 minutes to give other meds. wait 1 minute if giving another pump of same med.

Natalie Benisch

benischn11 — 2023-10-04 20:53:42 UTC

1. Need to wait 5 minutes before giving a corticosteroid after albuterol because you need to give time for the albuterol to open the airways.
2. wait 1 minute between the two puffs of albuterol.

Natalie Benisch

benischn11 — 2023-10-04 21:24:26 UTC

1. chronic bronchitis and emphysema are but categorized under COPD but are not the same thing
2. chronic bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchioles + goblet cells creating big amounts of mucus = difficulty breathing

Natalie Benisch

benischn11 — 2023-10-04 22:06:54 UTC

1.pursed lip breathing is one of the best ways to help a COPD patient without medications because they are producing positive end-expiratory pressure, letting them breath out as much as possible.
2. most patients of COPD have chronic hypoxemia either leading to pulmonary hypertension causing right sided heart failure

Natalie Benisch

benischn11 — 2023-10-04 23:01:26 UTC

1. The alveoli can't express carbon dioxide, so if the space is being taken up by co2 fresh oxygen can't come in and do its job= hypoxemia
2.Pneumonia will probably lead to resp alkalosis (high CO2, low pH and low O2)
- HCO3 (from kidneys) will try and increase the blood's pH because it is acidic, and the bicarb will be higher than 26

Haley Gonzalez

2023-10-05 00:57:51 UTC

The alveoli have two functions:
1. Gas exchange
2. Secrete surfactant
The respiratory system controls acid-base balance:
1. High pH: Alkalosis
2. Low pH: Acidosis

Haley Gonzalez

2023-10-05 01:00:18 UTC

The right lung has 3 lobes:
1. Right Upper Lobe (RUL)
2. Right Middle Lobe (RML)
3. Right Lower Lobe (RLL)
The left lung only has 2 lobes:
1. Left Upper Lobe (LUL)
2. Left Lower Lobe (LLL)

Haley Gonzalez

2023-10-05 01:05:42 UTC

Fluticasone is a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation. It is a long acting beta-agonist that helps prevent symptoms of asthma. (You can NOT use fluticasone as an emergency inhaler.)
Albuterol is a short acting bronchodilator. It opens the bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs and allows better airflow. Albuterol is used as a fast acting rescue inhaler.

Haley Gonzalez

2023-10-05 01:10:12 UTC

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the trachea and bronchi. When the trachea and bronchi are inflamed, the lungs swell and fill with fluid, causing a persistent cough.
There are two types of bronchitis:
1. Acute Bronchitis: Lasts for a few weeks and is typically caused by a viral infection.
2. Chronic Bronchitis: Can last for months, but is associated with mucous.

Haley Gonzalez

2023-10-05 03:37:11 UTC

Signs and Symptoms of COPD include:
1. Chronic cough
2. Pursed lip breathing
3. Accessory muscle use
4. Barreled chest
5. Cyanosis of the lips and/or fingertips
6. (Potentially) right-sided heart failure
Causes of COPD can be due to:
1. Air pollution
2. Smoking
3. Secondhand smoke
4. Genetic deficiencies
5. Work environments that accumulate a lot of dust

Haley Gonzalez

2023-10-05 03:50:42 UTC

Most pneumonia is caused by a bacterial infection, however, some cases are caused by viruses or fungi.
Signs and Symptoms of pneumonia:
1. Cough (which may produce greenish, yellow, or even bloody mucous.
2. Fever, sweating, and chills
3. Shortness of breath
4. Rapid, shallow breathing
5. Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough
6. Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue

Haley Gonzalez

2023-10-05 04:02:08 UTC

Nursing interventions include:
1. Monitor lung sounds
2. Vital signs (RR, O2 sat.)
3. Skin color
4. Monitor ABGs
5. Sputum specimen
6. Breathing treatments
7. Medication administration
8. Education
There are two types of how pneumonia is contracted:
1. Community acquired: most common, contracted from outside the hospital
2. Hospital acquired: hard to treat, usually is caused by resistance to antibiotics, usually develops between 48-72 hours after admission

Haley Gonzalez

2023-10-05 04:08:33 UTC

Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs.
Getting an annual influenza vaccine is primary prevention.

Haley Gonzalez

2023-10-05 04:15:54 UTC

Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB can then be spread through the air, usually through the infected person coughing so much.
Diagnostics for TB include lab tests on sputum (and other fluid from the lungs), a chest x-ray and a CT scan.

Stephanie Ruiz

ruizs8_2 — 2023-10-05 15:14:13 UTC

1.) The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe
2.) Includes airways, lungs and blood vessels that work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide

Stephanie Ruiz

ruizs8_2 — 2023-10-05 15:15:37 UTC

1.) The right lung has three loves and the left love has 2 lobes
2.) Respiratory assessment helps determine how your lungs are functioning

Stephanie Ruiz

ruizs8_2 — 2023-10-05 15:17:17 UTC

1.) Corticosteroids bring inflammation down and prevents symptoms associated with asthma
2.)Asthma is a chronic disease in which the bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe

Stephanie Ruiz

ruizs8_2 — 2023-10-05 15:18:15 UTC

1.) Acute bronchitis is caused by an infection, such as a cold
2.) Bronchitis and emphysema are both categorized under COPD

Stephanie Ruiz

ruizs8_2 — 2023-10-05 15:19:20 UTC

1.) With COPD the lungs get damaged or clogged with phlegm
2.) COPD is a long term inflammation of the bronchial tubes

Stephanie Ruiz

ruizs8_2 — 2023-10-05 15:20:56 UTC

1.) Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can cause mild to sever illness in people of all ages
2.) Germs, bacteria, virus and fungi are all key in pneumonia

courtney mecchella

mecchelc1_2 — 2023-10-05 15:22:25 UTC

1.functoin of the lungs are to get oxygen in, and get carbon dioxide out
2. carbon dioxide controls the Ph in your body

Stephanie Ruiz

ruizs8_2 — 2023-10-05 15:22:41 UTC

1.) O2 therapy, coughing, deep breathing, adequate hydration and suctioning
2.) Monitor respiratory system

Stephanie Ruiz

ruizs8_2 — 2023-10-05 15:25:39 UTC

1.) The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by the influenza viruses
2.) There are 3 types of the flu: A, B, C.

Stephanie Ruiz

ruizs8_2 — 2023-10-05 15:26:29 UTC

1.) A skin test and blood test can determine exposure
2.) Caused by a mycobacterium that grows really slow

Courtney Mecchella

mecchelc1_2 — 2023-10-05 15:28:29 UTC

1.The right lung has 3 lobes, right upper lobe, right middle lobe, right lower lobe, and the left lung only has 2 lobes, left upper lobe, left lower lobe.
2. It is best to listen to lung sounds directly on the patient, not over a gown or shirt.

Courtney Mecchella

mecchelc1_2 — 2023-10-05 15:32:31 UTC

1.fluticasone is a corticosteroid, which lowers inflammation in patients that have Ashma.
2. inhaled medications can cause thrush, so we want to make sure the patient is rinsing their mouth out with water, they should swish water around and then spit it out.

Courtney Mecchella

mecchelc1_2 — 2023-10-05 15:36:39 UTC

1.Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are both categorized and COPD.
2. there is no cure for either of these conditions.

Courtney Mecchella

mecchelc1_2 — 2023-10-05 15:46:56 UTC

1.pulmonary function test can help diagnose COPD
2. hypoxia can cause confusion, or low LOC

Keyanna Escalera

escalerk1_2 — 2023-10-05 17:58:00 UTC

1.Respiratory distress signs- accessory muscle use, restlessness and anxiety
2. Lungs serve to get CO2 out of body

Keyanna Escalera

escalerk1_2 — 2023-10-05 18:02:46 UTC

1. auscultate on bare skin
2.Avoid putting stethoscope over scapula

Natalie Benisch

benischn11 — 2023-10-05 21:04:17 UTC

1.if they have pneumonia and it is viral, they will not get any antibiotics.
2. vancomycin is used to treat severe pneumonia because it is an antibiotic that covers drug resistant bacteria

Natalie Benisch

benischn11 — 2023-10-05 21:36:44 UTC

1.if not treated the flu can result in a sinus or ear infection and people at risk for that is children under 5, adults above 65, pregnant, chronically ill (heart disease or lung disease)
2. Influenza A normal s/sx are headache, fever, chills, fatigue and weakness, body aches, nasal discharge, sore throat, cough
Influenza B is the GI issues like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Natalie Benisch

benischn11 — 2023-10-05 21:58:03 UTC

1. TB spreads mostly by person to person through the air and it is less likely to spread through sharing food/ objects.
2. lower TB infection is cough, bloody sputum, and chest pain and more than 3 weeks
3. TB isn't always in the lungs

Denaija Battle

2023-10-06 00:28:23 UTC

1. Alveoli has two functions which is gas exchange and secreting surfactant.

2. Respiratory tract can be divided into two parts. Upper and Lower Respiratory

Denaija Battle

2023-10-06 00:35:52 UTC

1. When performing a lung assessment you start at the top right above the clavicle and work your way down.

2. Listening with the stethoscope on skin is the best way to avoid any sounds from clothing or gown that you should not be hearing.

Denaija Battle

2023-10-06 00:46:12 UTC

1. Fluticasone is a bronchodilator that reduces inflammation

2. Some teaching for Fluticasone is to rinse and gargle mouth to prevent thrush.

Denaija Battle

2023-10-06 00:57:33 UTC

1. Signs/Symptoms of bronchitis- chronic cough, shortness of breath, cyanosis edema.

2. Signs/Symptoms of Emphysema- losing weight, shortness of breath, hyperventilation, barrel chest.

Denaija Battle

2023-10-06 02:37:17 UTC

1. COPD is caused by inhalation of toxic substances like cigarettes or work pollutants.

2. Tripod and pursed lip breathing are techniques to make breathing easier.

Denaija Battle

2023-10-06 02:42:00 UTC

1. Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that causes inflammation of the alveoli sacs.

2. Diagnostic test for Pneumonia is Chest Xray, Sputum Culture, and auscultation of lungs.

Denaija Battle

2023-10-06 02:45:12 UTC

1. When listening to lung sounds you can expect to hear coarse crackles or wheezing with a Pneumonia diagnosis.

2. The first sign of a patient not getting enough oxygen is blue lips (cyanotic).

Denaija Battle

2023-10-06 02:48:32 UTC

1. There are 3 types of influenza. A, B, C. A & B is the cause of the annual flu epidemic.

2. Patients at risk for increased complications are children under 5 and adults over 65, pregnant women, of patients with chronic illness or lung disease.

Denaija Battle

2023-10-06 02:53:32 UTC

1. The most common way to spread TB is through air and droplets.

2. TB blood test, Chest X-ray and sputum culture are all ways to diagnose TB.

Keyanna Escalera

escalerk1_2 — 2023-10-06 13:11:51 UTC

1. Fluticasone-corticosteriod ( decrease inflammation). Need to gargle and rinse mouth after
2. Albuterol- Bronchodilator - short acting. It will open bronchioles to help get air. It is given first then corticosteroid second

Keyanna Escalera

escalerk1_2 — 2023-10-06 13:41:32 UTC

1. Both conditions limit airflow. They will have a high CO2 level. Which will cause respiratory acidosis. They cant fully exhale.
2. Main issue with emphysema is damage to alveolar sacs which causes them to lose elasticity

Keyanna Escalera

escalerk1_2 — 2023-10-06 13:55:56 UTC

1. COPD is damage to the lungs.
2. It is long term inflammation. It causes a lot of mucus that causes obstruction

Keyanna Escalera

escalerk1_2 — 2023-10-06 13:59:56 UTC

1.Pneumonia is a lower respiratory track that causes inflammation due to germs
2. Signs and symptoms include cough , fever, SOB, pain in chest

Chris Herrera

herrerac5_2 — 2023-10-06 17:50:18 UTC

1. Surfactant is important as it is what helps prevent lung collapse by helping keep the lungs open and lessons any pressure on them.
2. The lungs are surrounded by a protective layer that is made up of three parts. The first layer directly against the lungs is the visceral pleura, then there is the very thin liquid layer called the pleural fluid. then finally the outermost layer is the parietal pleura.

Keyanna Escalera

escalerk1_2 — 2023-10-06 19:21:07 UTC

1. Auscultating lung sounds to listen for wheezing or crackles. Monitoring spo2, skin color breath sounds
2. Assess when they need suctioning, especially if there is too much causing blockage.

Keyanna Escalera

escalerk1_2 — 2023-10-06 19:27:47 UTC

1. Transmitted through talking coughing or sneezing and gets inhaled through nose mouth or lungs.
2. The most effective way to prevent the Flu is getting the annual shot

Keyanna Escalera

escalerk1_2 — 2023-10-06 19:33:17 UTC

1. TB is caused by a bacteria mycobacterium. IF a person is suspected of TB immediate isolation is recommended
2.Common ways are person to person through the air. Food and drink isn't as common to spread TB.

Chris Herrera

herrerac5_2 — 2023-10-06 20:04:45 UTC

1. Make sure to only put the stethascope on the skin. Do not try to auscultate over a gown or clothing as it is likely to not get an accurate reading.
2. To do a proper assessment of lung sounds you need to go back and forth between the left and right lungs. This is to compare between the two and determine if the problem is isolated in a single lung or if it is shared between both.

Chris Herrera

herrerac5_2 — 2023-10-06 20:14:02 UTC

1. When using Fluticasone make sure to have the patient gargle and rinse their mouths after every use. Also make sure they do not swallow the water.
2. When administering an albuterol inhaler make sure that if the patient requires another dose that you wait at least a minute before the next puff as to give the medication to begin working.

Chris Herrera

herrerac5_2 — 2023-10-06 20:23:20 UTC

1. A diagnosis of COPD requires a physical exam, a documented patient history such as any history of smoking or exposure to work chemicals, and also pulmonary function tests.
2. There is no cure for COPD and it is a chronic illness. There are ways to help it though by using corticosteroids to lower inflammation, bronchodilators to help improve gas exchange, and also life changes such as cessation of smoking and avoiding allergen triggers will help with the treatment of COPD.

Chris Herrera

herrerac5_2 — 2023-10-06 20:47:25 UTC

1. The main causes of both Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema is inhalation irritants. These refer to both tobacco usage and also chemical nihilations that could occur during work.
2. The difference between the two diseases is that Chronic Bronchitis is caused by inflammation of the bronchioles and excessive mucus production. This leads to blockage of airways which hinders gas exchange. Then Emphysema is caused by irritated and inflamed alveoli sacks. This lowers perfusion between the sacks and capillaries in the blood which also hinders gas exchange.

Chris Herrera

herrerac5_2 — 2023-10-06 21:12:54 UTC

1. The most dangerous outcome from being infected with TB is an Active infection. This is when the body does not contain the bacteria and the bacteria multiplies within the lungs and begin to spread.
2. TB is caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which is a bacteria. There are other bacteria that can lead to TB but Mycobacterium is the most common one that actually leads to a TB infection.

Chris Herrera

herrerac5_2 — 2023-10-06 21:32:41 UTC

1. There are three types of influenza. Type A and Type B are why we need yearly flu shots and can lead to epidemics if not treated. Type C is only a mild infection and will not lead to a major outbreak.
2. There are three types of diagnostic tests that is commonly used for influenza. First are the RT-PCR and Rapid Molecular Assay tests, these are useful tests as they diagnose not only if there is an influenza infection but also can determine if it is Type A,B, or C. Then there is RIDT testing which is most commonly used as gives results in a much faster time then the other two tests.

Shaquita Redding

2023-10-08 00:02:48 UTC

Getting carbon dioxide out of your body is more important than getting oxygen in your body. You can survive on decrease oxygen, but if you body's PH rises or falls out of normal range you can die.

Jessica Mottl

mottlj2_2 — 2023-10-08 17:03:34 UTC

1. The function of the respiratory system is to circulate your body. Getting oxygen in and carbon dioxide out.
2. The respiratory system controls your acid-base balance.

Jessica Mottl

mottlj2_2 — 2023-10-08 17:05:41 UTC

1. When assessing lung sounds you want to do it on direct skin and that you're comparing sides as you go down the patients chest.
2. The right lung has 3 lobes where as the left only has 2 lobes.

Jessica Mottl

mottlj2_2 — 2023-10-08 17:09:03 UTC

1. Give Albuterol first, this is a bronchodilator and will open the airways. Then give Fluticasone, this is a corticosteroid and will help with inflammation.
2. Wait 5 minutes in between doses. 1 minute between doses if you're giving the same medication.

Jessica Mottl

mottlj2_2 — 2023-10-08 17:12:52 UTC

1. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchioles and produces excess mucous production.
2. Emphysema is damage to the alveolar sacs, they lose elasticity and don't inflate or deflate properly causing trapped air.

Jessica Mottl

mottlj2_2 — 2023-10-08 17:14:58 UTC

1. COPD is a chronic inflammation usually caused by irritants that can cause damage to the lungs and will obstruct airflow.
2. Use the tripod and pursed lip breathing for people who have COPD this makes it easier for them to breath.

Jessica Mottl

mottlj2_2 — 2023-10-08 17:17:26 UTC

1. Pneumonia is inflammation and fluid in the lungs. It is caused by either bacterial, viral, or fungal infections.
2. Risk factors for getting pneumonia are prior infections, HIV, change in neurological status, lung problems, and post op from surgery.

Jessica Mottl

mottlj2_2 — 2023-10-08 17:20:42 UTC

1. Interventions for pneumonia include monitoring lung sounds, vital signs, skin color, ABG labs, sputum specimen, breathing treatments, medications, and education.
2. Have the patient be mobile to move the secretions out, if patient is immobile have the head of the bed up and rotate patient every two hours.

Jessica Mottl

mottlj2_2 — 2023-10-08 17:24:49 UTC

1. The flu is a common and highly contagious respiratory disease. There are three types of influenza types A, B, and C. Best way to protect yourself is getting the influenza shot.
2. Signs and symptoms of influenza are fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, muscle and body aches, headaches, and fatigue.

Jessica Mottl

mottlj2_2 — 2023-10-08 17:27:36 UTC

1. Tuberculosis is spread from person to person through the air. It affects the lungs but can affect other areas in the body as well if left untreated.
2. A skin and blood test can be used to determine if you have TB or not. Treatment is taking your antibiotic every day until treatment is done.

ShaquitaRedding

2023-10-08 20:25:34 UTC

Surface tension wants your lungs to collaspe, surfactant is going to keep you lungs open.

Lisa M

2023-10-08 21:21:57 UTC

1. It is important to get carbon dioxide out of your body.
2. Gas exchange and secretes surfactant is the function of the alveoli

Lisa

2023-10-08 21:42:53 UTC

Right lung has 3 lobes and left lung has 2 lobes
Listen for sounds on skin, not over clothing or gown

Shaquita Redding

2023-10-08 22:20:28 UTC

When listening to lungs start off at Apex-top of lungs above your cavicle then work your way down.

c7-t3 to access upper lobes
t3-t10 to access lower lobes

Lisa

2023-10-08 22:29:29 UTC

Albuterol is a short a bronchidilator that is short acting
Be sure to rinse out your mouth because you could get thrush after taking a corticosteroid

Shaquita Redding

2023-10-08 22:32:26 UTC

Albuterol (broncho dilator )needs time to work and do its job so we need to wait 5 minutes in between the two doses if prescribed with corticosteroid or corticosteroid wont work well.

If giving two puffs of albuterol wait 1 minute in between doses.

Lisa M

2023-10-08 22:35:41 UTC

Bronchitis and Emphysema are categorized as COPD
Both conditions are irreversible

Copd

2023-10-08 23:45:04 UTC

COPD
Is limitation of the air flow caused by narrowing or obstruction or loss of elastic recoil can be both

S/S SOB, tightness of the chest, lack of energy, wheezing, chronic cough that may produce sputum, frequent respiratory infections, and swelling in the lower extremities

Lisa

2023-10-08 23:49:53 UTC

Pneumonia inflammation of the lungs. Most is bacterial
2 types of pneumonia are: hospital and community acquired

Taveese Hilton

2023-10-09 00:01:12 UTC

1)conduction zone=no gas exchange, dead space. Respiratory zone=alveoli gas exchange and surfactant needed to get the CO2 out of the body
2)Easier to have the right lung affected by bacteria or aspiration due to the shorter bronchus

Taveese Hilton

2023-10-09 00:07:02 UTC

1)when listening to breaths it is important to listen for a full inspiration and expiration
2)When listening to the back of the lungs we need to get in between the scapula and vertebrae

Taveese Hilton

2023-10-09 00:11:08 UTC

1)Bronchodilator given 1st to open the airway
2)Corticosteroid given 2nd to do its job to decrease inflammation

Taveese Hilton

2023-10-09 00:14:35 UTC

1)in both Bronchitis and Emphysema Patients have the inability to fully exhale before the next breath leading to hyperinflation over time
2)Poor lung perfusion and ventilation occurs in emphysema

Lisa Murphy

2023-10-09 00:17:01 UTC

When listening to lung sounds you should hear crackling it wheezing if they have diagnosis of pneumonia

If a patient isn’t getting enough oxygen, their lips can turn blue.

Lisa

2023-10-09 00:19:03 UTC

Influenza is contagious. It is a respiratory illness
Primary prevention is getting your flu shot.

Taveese Hilton

2023-10-09 00:21:22 UTC

1)long term inflammation and alveolar dysfunction leads to COPD
2)Cor Pulman ale is right sided heart failure. This is due to the constriction of the pulmonary vessels and pulmonary hypertension

Lisa Murphy

2023-10-09 00:21:29 UTC

TB is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

TB is air born from coughing

Taveese Hilton

2023-10-09 00:36:30 UTC

1)Lung parenchyma consists of alveoli, ducts and bronchioles
2)2 types of bacteria cause pneumonia one is streptococcus 2nd is walking pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumonia bacteria known as atypical usually mild. These are community acquired

Taveese Hilton

2023-10-09 00:47:48 UTC

1)patient must increase fluids to 2-3L a day to keep secretions thin however if the patient has heart failure or renal disease this will be adjusted
2)if a patient has pneumonia and is a young female it is important to verify if she is on a birth control before prescribing a tetracycline this med can decrease the effectiveness

Taveese Hilton

2023-10-09 00:55:03 UTC

1)Influenza A and B are prevalent September-April with a peak December-February. Influenza C does not lead to epidemics
2)having a weakened immune system from the flu can lead to a secondary bacterial infection. Assess the patient for crackles and/or worsening symptoms

Taveese Hilton

2023-10-09 01:05:55 UTC

1) is slow growing like a fungus which is why it is called a mycobacterium
2)In active TB the bacteria continues to multiply symptoms are present. Symptoms last typically more than 3 weeks

Cassie Bruce

2023-10-09 01:27:59 UTC

1.) Functions of the respiratory system are regulation of acid base balance, regulation of water balance, regulation of heat, defense against pathogens, helps venous return, activation of angiotensin 1 and 2, vocalization, and olfaction.
2.) If there are no alveoli, there would be no gas exchange in the lungs. This space with no alveoli or gas exchange is considered the conducting zone or the dead space.

Cassie Bruce

2023-10-09 01:37:56 UTC

1.) The right and left lung differ in the sense that the right lung consists of 3 lobes ( right upper, right middle, and right lower), Whereas the left side of the lungs only consists of 2 lobes ( the upper and lower).
2.) C7-T3 assesses the upper lobes, whereas the t3-t10 assesses the bottom lobes.

CASSIE BRUCE

2023-10-09 01:48:39 UTC

1.) Fluticasone is the drug that helps decrease the inflammation in the lungs whereas the albuterol allows for bronchodilation of the lungs.
2.) Albuterol, or the bronchodilator should be given first over the fluticasone that helps decrease the inflammation. This is because the albuterol is short acting and will allow the patient to open their lungs as soon as possible.

Cassie Bruce

2023-10-09 02:08:50 UTC

1.) Healthy alveoli in the lungs have never encountered tuberculosis before. The latent phase of tuberculosis consists of encountering the bacteria, but it does not multiply. The active phase is where the alveoli are fully infected and the bacteria creating this infection have began to multiply.
2.) With an active Tb infection, the symptoms are normally occurring for 3 weeks or more.

Cassie Bruce

2023-10-09 02:26:29 UTC

1.) Bronchitis has effects like cyanosis or low 02 whereas emphysema has effects like hyperventilating.
2.) Both bronchitis and emphysema are not curable conditions.

Cassie Bruce

2023-10-09 02:30:20 UTC

1.) Influenza type a, b, and c are the only influenza strains that can affect humans.
2.) The goal with influenza is increasing ventilation and oxygenation.

Cassie Bruce

2023-10-09 02:39:37 UTC

1.) As nurses we need to ensure that we educate clients about how getting vaccinated can be a huge preventative for developing a disease or illness.
2.) For an immobile patient with pneumonia, keep the HOB 30 degrees or greater and turn frequently.

Cassie Bruce

2023-10-09 02:51:19 UTC

1.)Pneumonia causes respiratory acidosis with a decrease in pH and an increase in PaCo2.
2.) Community acquired pneumonia happens within 48 - 72 hours of entering a facility for health care. ( The pneumonia is hospital acquired if the patient was admitted to the er from an assisted living facility because the person was still under medical supervision.)

Cassie Bruce

2023-10-09 03:00:06 UTC

1.) Goals for a patient with COPD include demonstration of how to use an inhaler, understanding the long term management, and avoid triggers for exacerbation.
2.) PT/RT with be helpful for for the pt to exercise their lungs. ( monitor closely for low respiratory status.

Kelly Minger

mingerk1_2 — 2023-10-09 11:42:59 UTC

1. Respiratory System helps to control acid-base balance
- acidosis: low pH, high PCO2(hyperventilating)
- Alkalosis: high pH, low PCO2 (too much pain medication)

2. Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli that are in the lower part of the lungs (so main nursing diagnosis for pneumonia = impaired gas exchange)

Kelly Minger

mingerk1_2 — 2023-10-09 11:50:58 UTC

1. The right lung has 3 lobes. RU, RM, RL. The left lung only has 2 lobes: LU, LL.

2. It is best to listen for lung sounds on the patient's direct skin instead of over clothing, as you could pick up other sounds

Kelly Minger

mingerk1_2 — 2023-10-09 11:59:50 UTC

1. Need to wait 5 min before giving a corticosteroid after you have given Albuterol because you need to give the Albuterol time to try and open up the airways
- fluticasone/salmetrol = corticosteroid
-albuterol = bronchodilator
- good oral hygiene and flushing out mouth after inhaler use

2. fluticasone = corticosteroid. Corticosteroids help to decrease inflammation! Helps prevent symptoms of asthma.
Albuterol = Bronchodilator. Bronchodilators help to open the bronchi in the bronchiales of the lungs helping to open up the airways!

3. Give Albuterol first as it will open up the airways then wait 5 minutes and give Fluticasone/Salmterol and decrease inflammation.
- you only need to wait 1 minute between puffs if the patient is only going to take 2 puffs of the same drug. EX: if patient needs 2 pufffs of Albuterol only then wait 1 minute between puffs

Kelly Minger

mingerk1_2 — 2023-10-09 12:16:59 UTC

**** PINK PUFFER*** = Emphysema
**** BLUE BLOATER**** = Chronic Bronchitis
1. They both limit airflow and you will see a low O2 but a high CO2 level!
- Resp Acidosis
- Inability to fully exhale

2. The main issue with emphysema is damage to alveolar sacs. They lose their elasticity to inflate so it become saggy in a way that makes them inflate and deflate incorrectly leading to "air-trapping"
-Hyperventilation
- Poor perfusion

3. Chronic Bronchitis
- bloating in the abdomen & legs
- cyanosis from low O2
- increased lung volume

4. Emphysema
- hyperventilation
- barrel chest
- SOB
- weight loss
- using accessory muscles to hyperventilate

Kelly Minger

mingerk1_2 — 2023-10-09 12:21:06 UTC

1. Some S&S of COPD: chronic cough, dyspnea, sputum production, fatigue, use of pursed lip breathing, tripod position, use of accessory muscles to breathe, barrel chest 2:2 ratio, cyanosis of the lips or finger tips, pulmonary hypertension and could lead to ride sided heart failure

2. Diagnosis of COPD: PFT, FEV1/FVC < 70% = airway obstruction

3. Long-Term Management
- No Smoking
- vaccines should be given to decrease resp infections
- avoid triggers
- manage stable COPD
- supplemental O2 between 88-92%
- bronchodilators ease symptoms

Kelly Minger

mingerk1_2 — 2023-10-09 12:23:37 UTC

1. Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that causes inflammation of the alveoli sacs which could lead to impaired gas exchange
-resp acidosis

2. S&S of Pneumonia are: cough, which may produce greenish-yellow or even bloody mucous, fever/chills, SOB, rapid/shallow breathing, chest pain, loss of appetite, low energy, fatigue

3. Germs, bacteria, viruses and fungi are all key players in pneumonia

Kelly Minger

mingerk1_2 — 2023-10-09 12:28:13 UTC

1. monitor resp system: lung sounds, vital signs, color of skin, monitor ABG results

2. Educate on Incentive Spirometry use: 10x every 1-2hrs while awake.
- stay hydrated (2-3L) (helps thin secretions)
- for immobile patients keep HOB elevated at 30degrees and turn them frequently
- stay up to date on vaccines

Kelly Minger

mingerk1_2 — 2023-10-09 12:30:57 UTC

1. is a highly contageous resp disease caused by the influenza virus. Types A,B, & C.
- Types A&B = epidemics
- Type C = mild illness but does not cause epidemics

2. Droplet precautions!!!

3. S&S: headache, fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, myalgia, runny nose, sore throat, cough.

Kelly Minger

mingerk1_2 — 2023-10-09 12:32:18 UTC

1. airborne precautions

2. S&S: feeling sick/weak, weight loss, fever, night sweats

Shaquita Redding

2023-10-16 03:50:50 UTC

Emphysema- Damage to alveolar sacs, lose elasticity & become floppy, doesnt inflate or deflate properly. Chronic Bronchitis-inflammation of bronchioles, excessive mucous production byhyperplasia of goblet cells

Shaquita Redding

2023-10-18 06:01:46 UTC

1. COPD is mixture of two conditions emphysema and chronic bronchitis

2. Type of lung disease made worse by cigarettes smoke

Shaquita Redding

2023-10-18 06:09:54 UTC

1. Lower respiratory tract infection
2. Germs, bacterial, virus key factors
Prior infection like cold or individual with weak immune system. Immobile.= more likely to get pneumonia

Shaquita Redding

2023-10-18 06:15:42 UTC

Nursing interventions _monitor vital signs, skin color, assess lungs sounds, abg, collect sputum culture, assess for need for suction, breathing treatments

Educate_ incentive spirometer use=10x every 1 to 2 hours
Keep hydrated
Turn frequently immobile patients

Shaquita Redding

2023-10-18 06:20:12 UTC

Flu is highly contagious
Peaks from December to February
Invades respiratory tract and uses it to spread the virus
Can lead to sinus or ear infection
Symptoms present about 4 days after exposure

Shaquita Redding

2023-10-18 06:29:00 UTC

Cause by bacterial organism, most common,
Grows slowly
Spread by: sharing food and drinks, airborne, touching infected surfaces, coughing
Active tb infection- bacterial multiplying