Human Biology 2: Special Sensory by Hui Lai https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26 en-us 2023-05-29 11:26:34 UTC 2023-05-29 12:37:56 UTC hello@padlet.com Vision https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607818002 Qing, Foong, Hao, Yu]]> 2023-05-29 11:30:10 UTC https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607818002 smell and taste-Beh, Lee KY , Yong YP https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607818530

]]> 2023-05-29 11:31:05 UTC https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607818530 Vision https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607819194 Qing, Foong, Yu, Hao

How we can see?
- light enter the eye through the cornea 
- the cornea refractive power bends the light rays through the pupil 
- the iris has the ability enlarged and shrinks on how much light is entering the eye
- after light passing through the light ray, the light ray enter the lens
- the lens reflects the light ray to the retina
- in the retina there is a special cell call photoreceptors which turn light ray into the electrical signal
- the electrical signal send to the brain through optic nerve

Three layers of eyeball

1) Fibrous Tunic

- Cornea: acts as a structural barrier and protects the eye against infections

- Sclera: supporting wall that helps maintain eyeball's shape


2) Vascular Tunic

- Iris: control pupil 

- Ciliary body: changes the shape of the lens when the eye focuses

- Choroid: bring oxygen and nutrients to the eye


3) Retina

- Optic disc: sends all visual data to the brain

- Macula Lutea: responsible for sharp, detailed central vision


Extrinsic eye muscles (also called extraocular muscles) are attached to the outside of the eyeball and enable the eyes to move in all directions.


]]> 2023-05-29 11:32:21 UTC https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607819194 Hearing & EQUILIBRIUM- Vanessa, Tan, Vivien & YM https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607824507 2023-05-29 11:41:08 UTC https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607824507 https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607826117 Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor 

Molecules dissolve in the saliva »»»»» attached to receptors on cillia of gustatory cells receptors potential action potential

Combination between molecules and receptors are weak (since taste can be easily abolished by washing mouth with water)

Taste buds are specialized receptors widely scattered throughout the oral cavity
- Tongue
- Soft palate
- Inner surface of cheeks
]]> 2023-05-29 11:43:48 UTC https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607826117 https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607827566 5 established taste
Taste buds on tongue not uniform
Sweet receptors responds to 
- Sugars
- Saccharine
- Some amino acids
Sour receptors……….
- H
- Acids
Bitter receptors……….
 - Alkaloids
Salty receptors………..
 - Salt, ions, metal
Umami
- Glutamate-“Beef taste” of  steak
]]> 2023-05-29 11:46:12 UTC https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607827566 Taste Pathway https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607828053 First order neurone: 
Taste fibres from the three cranials nerves form tractus solitarius »»»»» end in the nucleus of tractus solitarius (medulla)
Second order neurone:
From TS cross the midline  to ascend in the medial lemniscus to the thalamus
Third order neuron:
From thalamus project the cerebral cortex through thalamic radiation 
]]> 2023-05-29 11:47:01 UTC https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607828053 https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607832688 2023-05-29 11:54:23 UTC https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607832688 Vision https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607854046
Extrinsic eye muscles (also called extraocular muscles) are attached to the outside of the eyeball and enable the eyes to move in all directions
]]> 2023-05-29 12:28:45 UTC https://padlet.com/anatomy2/5rby9o64pebewk26/wish/2607854046