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      <title>Supremacy of the federal judiciary by Sal Giordano</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp</link>
      <description></description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:07:24 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2023-04-25 13:42:09 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
      <image>
         <url></url>
      </image>
      <item>
         <title>Teresa B </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161214785</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v Madison worked to establish the supremacy of the courts by creating the power of judicial review giving the judicial branch a check on congress and worked to make it more important and prevelant in everyday situtations. Mcculloh v Maryland gave the judicial branch the authority to settle debates between the states and national government and have their ruling be regarded as legitimate. Also it gave the Supreme court the ability to make decisions based on interpretation not verbatim of the constitution. This gave them the power to decide how to enforce laws and gave them more power to do what they want and believe instead of doing what the constitution tells them.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:21:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161214785</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>hazel gao </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161214847</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v Madison: established judicial review, can review if legislative acts passed are constitutional or not and thus void laws, check on Congress<br>McCulloch v Maryland: Constitution can be freely interpreted, rather then word-for-word (Elastic Clause and the Taxing and Spending Clause implied that Congress can establish a bank), Constitution was supreme ruler</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:22:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161214847</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Hannah Wishon (Some average joe)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161214922</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison: Created Judical Review. Judicial Review is where the Supreme court can get rid of unconstitutional laws. This process can be blinded by political bias in the court by aptempting to remove laws that are unconstititional to that party rather than to the US Constitution.<br>McCulloch v. Maryland: First case of which judicial review was used and showed states that the supreme court can affect state laws too. This also uphled the Supremacy Clause. This clause was in the articles of the Constitution and stated that the Constitution was the highest power followed by the federal government. The states/ local gocernments are the weakest. Maryland made a law that was unconstitiuional and was removed by the Supreme court so they took it out.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padletuploads.blob.core.windows.net/prod/184354480/d1d453ab1cff92727aa33bb4a139cc26/const.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:22:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161214922</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Chelsea Liu</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161214944</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>marbury vs. madison gave the power of judicial review which contributed to their checks and balances since they had the power to null laws made by the legislative branch.&nbsp;<br>mcculloch v maryland allowed the supreme court to interpret the constitution, since they were able to use the necessary and proper clause (elastic clause)&nbsp; to contribute to the case.&nbsp;<br>judiciary branch gained more power through these two cases because the judicial branch can interpret the framers intent of the constitution and since the constitution is supreme, and the judicial branch has power to interpet it, they in result gained large amounts of power.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:22:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161214944</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Hannah S. and Riley (King Kippers)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161215411</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>--Marbury v. Madison: established judicial review, thus allowing the federal courts to have the final say in whether laws were constitutional, and therefore law of the land. This gave them a large amount of control over what laws are able to be implemented based on their constitutionality.<br>--McCulloch v. Maryland: established constitutionality of Supremacy Clause by declaring that the federal&nbsp;bank could not be taxed by the states.&nbsp;The case also took away power from the states to give it to the federal government in an act of reverse devolution.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:23:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161215411</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>James Walsh Paquette</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161215684</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marybury v. Madison granted the Supreme Court the power of judicial review. This gave the judical branch a check over the other two branches that it did not have. With this new power, the judicary has the final say on the Constitutionality on a legislation and executive actions. McCulloch v. Maryland established the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution when it declared that federal banks could not be taxed by the states. Federal courts rule supreme over state sanctioned courts. These two Supreme Court cases were important in establishing the supremacy of the federal courts because they defined and outlined provisions in the Constitution that confrimed their role in our government.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:23:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161215684</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Chris Middleton</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161216154</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison enabled the Supreme Court to exercise the power of judicial review, which is the the check that the Supreme Court is able to use to rule an act fabricated in Congress or an action by the president or his subordinates unconstitutional. This enables the Supreme Court to have ultimate control of laws that are established if they are harmful to the people's rights or are unconstitutional.<br><br>McCulloch v. Maryland&nbsp;allowed federal superiority over the states by the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution, saying that the law made by the government was to be followed, not being eradicated by states or abolished by states. This was important because it made states unable to disobey the law of the government.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:24:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161216154</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Spencer L.</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161216296</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison establsihed judicial review, the ability of the federal Supreme Court to declare acys of Congress unconstitutional, placing the Constitution in the hands of the federal court. All laws must then go through the courts if their validity is called into question.<br>McColluch v. Maryland enforced federal supremacy by the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution because the states do not have the power to inhibit, change, or destroy institutions of the federal government. The federal government is supreme, and the courts have the final say, if necessary, over federal law.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:24:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161216296</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Xan Weatherholtz</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161216740</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison: Judicial Review is established which allows the Supreme court to declare things as unconstitutional?<br>McCulloh v. Maryland: Declared federal supremacy, meaning that the national government has more power than the state government overall in court?</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:25:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161216740</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Sinwan Saeed</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161217054</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v Madison : established Judicial Review which allowed the courts to get rid of laws they saw as unconstitutional creating a check on congress.<br>Mcculloh v Maryland: established national supremacy. stating federal law was supreme over state law. this gave federal courts supremacy over the staes courts by upholding the Supremacy clause</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:26:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161217054</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Madison Janey</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161217079</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison- Establishing Judicial Review allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional, granting the judiciary branch power because this is now used as a check over legislative and executive branches.&nbsp;<br><br>McCulloch v MD- Upheld the Supremacy Clause over the discussion of banks and whether states have the power to interfere with national banks, this shows that Federal Law is supreme over State Law and also included the Elastic Clause, which is an implied power granted to the National government, adding onto the supremacy of the Federal Law. &nbsp;This gives the federal government more power than the states and the judiciary branch was able to decide who has the power over what, which gives the judicial branch supremacy over the legislative branch in this area. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:26:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161217079</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Camryn Moore</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218160</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison - Established judicial review, which gave the Supreme Court a significant scope of authority over the other branches of government. This allows final say in the meaning of the Constitution, and allows them control over the constitutionality of the actions of other branches<br><br>McCulloch v. MD - validated the supremacy of the national government, which extends to the Supreme Court. This ensures that the Supreme Court's decisions are final (unless the Supreme Court rules against a previous decision), and makes them the highest court</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:28:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218160</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Aaron Donahue</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218176</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison established judicial review which gave the Supreme Court the power to declare any action or law by the government unconstitutional.<br>McCulloch v. Maryland upheld the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States by establishing that the state of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank. It also established the supremacy of the courts.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:28:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218176</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rebecca Scherr</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218186</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury vs. Madison established judicial review when chief justice John Marshall ruled in the case with the aid of the Constitution justifying actions or declaring them wrong. This gave federal courts supremacy in the future because they were able to declare actions unconstitutional depending on their interpretation of the Constitution This also sped up the development of checks and balances; federal courts were permitted to declare acts by the executive branch and legislative branch unconstitutional. Thus, federal courts were the only courts able to interpret the constitution and use it to rule constitutionally in court, and allowed them to check the president and congress. All laws whose constitutional validity is questioned go to the Supreme Court.<br>McCulloch vs. Maryland occurred when a state tried to tax a national bank. This case was taken to court and the verdict was that the Constitution gives the federal agencies supremacy over the states, called the Supremacy Clause. It was established that, in disputes between state and the federal government, the government has more rights given to them via the Constitution. The Supremacy Clause also declares the Supreme Court the highest court because it is a federal court and thus has superiority over the states. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:28:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218186</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Bea Irwin</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218229</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury vs. Madison established judicial review, which gives the federal courts supremacy by allowing them to interpret laws and rules and declare them unconstitutional. This power is one of the most powerful and important exercise of the courts' power over the other branches of government.&nbsp;<br>McCulloch vs. Maryland&nbsp;was the court case when a state tried to tax a national bank, and this case gave the federal courts power by deciding that federal agencies have supremacy over the states.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:28:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218229</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Ashley Saffell</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218302</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury vs. Madison estblished judicial review allowing federal courts to review constitutional validity of a legislative action and this secures order. This was federal courts supremacy, federal courts can declare action on legislative actions based on their interpretation of the constitution.<br>McCulloch vs. Maryland occured when a state tried to tax a national bank, the verdict was the Congress had the power to incorperate the bank and that MAryland could not tax instruments of national government employed in the execution of constitutional powers. This validated supremacy in the national government to the supreme courts. The supreme Court is the highest and deciding factor.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:28:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218302</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Eli Golding</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218805</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison established judicial review, which gave federal courts the power to ultimately decide what legislation and executive action is "allowed" under the provisions of the Constitution, thus having signifact power, or checks, over both the Legislative and Executive branches. McClough v. Maryland upheld the supremecy clause, which confirmed that laws created by the federal government are "supreme" in that they have a higher standing than state legislation and all states must follow them.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:29:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218805</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Alec Kalisch</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218864</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison established judicial review, the power to interpret the Constituition applied to modern occurences. This power allows the judiciary to declare any law or action unconstitutional which allows the judiciary to have control over all laws passed and all court rulings given. This establishes a law supremacy for the federal courts.<br>McCulloch v. Maryland gave the federal courts the ability to have control over expressed powers through their implied powers. This allows the courts to control powers they aren't necessarily given giving them more supremacy through the powers given by elastic clause AKA "necessary and proper" allowing them to pass any legislation they deem   necessary and proper.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:29:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218864</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Deanna Sarlak</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218998</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison, arguably the most important case in Supreme Court history, was the first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of judicial review -- the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution. This gave the courts an advantage, a power over the other two branches, establishing checks and balances due to the juducial branch's power to state laws to be unconstituional made by the legislative or executibe branch.&nbsp;<br>McCulloch V. Maryland had allowed the supreme court to interpret the constition by declaring that the federal bank could not be taxed by the states. As a result, this liomited the power of the states and gave it to the federal government. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:30:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161218998</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Alicia Ingabire </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161219278</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury v. Madison established the principle of&nbsp; judicial review, review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act, and strengthened the power of the judicial branch by giving the Supreme Court the authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. This establishes a check over the legislative and executive branches. <br>McCulloch v. Maryland confirmed the right of Congress to utilize implied powers&nbsp;to carry out its expressed powers. This validated the supremacy of the national government by declaring that the states cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:30:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161219278</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Sonya Leikin</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161219280</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury V.&nbsp; Madison established Judicial review which gives the federal courts to declare a law unconstiutional. This established the supremacy of the federal courts because it gives the federal courts the final say on a law. If they declare a law unconstitutional then the law is almost 'nullified' or 'invalidated' becausae of this the judicial review heightens their supremacy.<br>Mculloch V. Maryland etsbalished the necessary and proper clause or the elastic clause. This clause established the supremacy of the federal courts because the clause provides a reason for the law and fullfills the judiciary branches purpose to interpret the intent of the constitution with the Elastic clause that was mentioned in it. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:30:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161219280</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Emily Leone</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161219538</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury V. Madison established the principal of judicial review, which is the power to declare laws unconstitutional. This has become the federal court's chief weapon in the system of checks and balances on which the American government is based. Other countries have sincce adopted this principal, setting democracy ahead of other governments when it comes to internal advancements and establishing surpemacy. This principal was first proposed in the federalist papers number seventy-eight. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:31:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161219538</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Helen Lacey</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161220189</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury V. Madison helped establish the supremacy of the federal courts by establishing hte principal of judicial review. Judicial review is when the supreme court decides if something follows the constitutuion and laws. McCulloh v Maryland also established the supremacy of the courts by both allowing the supreme court to settle diagreements between the national and state governments and allowing the courts to be allowed to interpret the constitution in order to come to a decision.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:32:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161220189</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Melissa Grogin</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161220305</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Supreme Court Case Marbury vs. Madison established the principle of Judicial Review. This is key in judicial supremacy because it means that the Supreme Court can ultimately decide whether laws are constutional or unconstitutional.   The Supreme Court Case McCulloch vs. Maryland tried the supremacy of state governments vs. the national governments. This case established national supremacy and gave the national judiciary the power to make decisions for and that rule over the state governments.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:32:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161220305</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>rivka manangan</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161220919</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The establishment of judicial review from the court case Marbury vs Madison was significant to creating the supremacy of the federal courts because it&nbsp;gave the judicial branch a method of checking the other branches of government. This is necessary so the other branches don't have too much power over the government. McCulloh vs Maryland established the second bank of the US, and also showed that enumerated powers and states rights were integral parts of government.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:34:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161220919</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Ami Makadia </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161221588</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marbury Vs madison is important in regard to the supremacy of the federal courts because it established Judicial Review which means the courts can declare a law unconstitutional. McCulloch v Maryland was one of the first cases that judicial review was applied to, and the outcome was that the states could tax banks.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:35:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161221588</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Monyai Tinson</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161221772</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The following cases provided the  courts more powers as established through the supremacy clause. Marbury vs. Madison established judicial review allowing the court to claim an ammendment unconstitutional. Mculloch vs. Maryland allowed states to tax banks.<br> </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2017-03-20 15:36:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mrgiordano1075/5rb2o9h9nojp/wish/161221772</guid>
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