Indians Rising Nationalism Timeline by Tegan Sweeney

1905- Partition of Bengal

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 01:46:38 UTC

The partition of Bengal was a movement to divide Bengal into separate groups, main groups being the Hindus and Muslims, yet many minorities were left. They saw this as a threat to destroy the nationalistic movements within Bengal. The protests opposing the partition of Bengal led many to end up in prison.

1929- Wall street crash and depression

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 01:47:06 UTC

After the wall street crash the overall value of exports like crop exports in India was close to nothing. This caused a great poverty in the country as many were left jobless and unemployed especially those living in rural areas. The events following unemployment left many in extreme debt leaving them to migrate to the cities. When the great depression caused disturbances in the community many of the unemployed ended up joining the nationalistic movements in India.

Early 1940s- WW2

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 01:47:26 UTC

When the war started in 1939 India was auctioned off to Germany as an ally by britain. India was outraged by the power that Britain had over them and started creating Nationalistic protests and uprisings against british rule as britain had no power or resources to suppress them, due to their part in the war.

Late 1940s-Britain is in debt to India after WWII

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 01:48:02 UTC

Throughout the course and especially after the second world war Britain's economy was drastically affected. Due to the strain the war had on the countries relations and physical environment. India's cooperative terms through the war led to Britain finally allowing India to claim independence as the sacrifices Britain made in the war allowed Nationalistic movements to rise. Overall Britain wasn't capable of sustaining the mass empire it had built prior to the war.

1919, April 13 -Amritsar Massacre

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 01:49:31 UTC

A group called Jallianwala Bagh made up of men, women, and children occurred at a protest in the north-western city of Amritsar. This is against the will of General Dyer. So General Dyer marched his soldiers towards the protesters, overlooking the bank, and ordered them to fire, causing 379 deaths and over 1200 wounded. The process of the massacre was ruthless, the guns kept firing for 10 minutes and only stopped when the ammunition had reached the point of exhaustion, and the direction of firing purposely followed where the crowd was dodging.

1930- Gandhi

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 01:49:57 UTC

Gandhi is extremely unsatisfied with the British government’s colonialism and referred it as “Satanism”, in which the British were using armed forces to dominate unarmed Indians. Gandhi had previous experience in using non-violent force to protest against the South African regime. Thus Gandhi believed in self-goveronment for India and that developing “soul force” or satyagraha rather than violent force would defeat British colonialism. In terms of soul force, it is most likely referring to street demonstration.

Early 1930s- Non-cooperative Movement

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 01:50:46 UTC

Gandhi advocated a campaign of non-cooperation, which stands for India refusing all the products and facilities established by the British, as well as refusing to pay taxes.

Gandhi was sentenced to 6 years in jail, and charged with sedition. After his release, Gandhi worked with INC mainly grouped by Hindus and Muslims, aiming to declare immediate self-rule for India. Then Gandhi started a marching campaign with thousands of his followers for 400km to revolt against a British law in which salts were taxed and Indians were forbidden to make their own salt. After this marching event, Gandhi and tens of thousands of his followers were all arrested by the British.

1931- Gandhi visits Britain

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 01:51:57 UTC

British were afraid of their loss of international image since they fought Indian’s non-violence protest with gunfire. So the British released Gandhi and invited him to attend a conference in 1931 in London.

Gandhi denied luxurious hotels provided by British governors chose to live in a poor London neighbourhood, and gave a visit to local cotton mill workers. Gandhi was welcomed, even though lots of workers lost jobs due to his campaign to boycott British cotton.

1941-1942- World War 2

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 01:53:09 UTC

Indian nationalism’s organization was greatly improved due to campaign of Gandhi. Thus Indian decided to ally with Britian in WW2 with certain conditions like declearing independence, which Britian denied all afterwards. However in 1942, Japan as ally of German was threatening India. To prevent India from quitting role of ally from Britian, Churchill decided to keep India loyal, which Britian offered India will be independent after the war. Yet the negotiation broke and Gandhi determined to declear another civil disobedience campaign named “quit India”, which Congress Party accepted afterwards. Thus Gandhi was arrested again and the Congress Party was banned by Britian, which cause a lot of violent demenstration occurred.

Early 1900s- Government of India Act

tesw20261 — 2023-11-15 02:35:55 UTC

The government of India act was an act to place Indian leaders into British rule, so that Indians could also have a voice in parliament during this time. Furthermore a voice in parliament allowed those to stop british strategies and the oppression towards indian nationalistic movements.