stories permit assessments of comprehension independent of decoding skills.... Narrative stories can be communicated verbally, in print, or in pictures..." (Paris & Paris, 2003, p. 40).

construction of a sensible story schema from the

pictures and (b) their previous experiences with similar

pictures, schemata, and stories." AND (c) using strategies such as inferencing, predicting, summarizing, identifying main ideas, predicting, backtracking, and monitoring comprehension (Paris & Paris, 2003, p. 37).   
- ultimately, all processes serve function to "construct relations among events depicted in pictures to create a coherent story" (Paris & Paris, 2003). 
- Process used to construct meaning from wordless texts is similar to the cognitive processes used to construct meaning from texts

between adults and children because

they are interwoven through so many facets of daily

experience" (Paris & Paris, 2003, p. 37).

and it reveals important cognitive accomplishments" (Paris & Paris, 2003, p. 40) 

to the story, (b) retelling of the story, (c) comprehension

of explicit story information, (d) comprehension of implicit story information, and

(e) total storybook comprehension (Paris & Paris, 2003, p. 43-44).