The gender disparity in education is much lower in urban places then rural areas. One of the possible explanations of this pattern is because of its area and wealth of the residents. Moreover, there are very few employment opportunities for women in rural areas, and thus, there is very little financial incentive for families to send their girls to schools. 

Education and Literacy:

Although free primary education is a constitutional right and is compulsory in every province except Balochistan, people rarely send their daughters to school. They maintain their stereotype that women should only stay about home to look after their husbands and children and “15 years old means a girl becomes a woman”, therefore, women stay at home and do domestic work.

In rural schools, 66% enrolled students are boys and 34% are girls. 

In rural high schools, only 28% of the enrolled students are girls, and 72% are boys.

Statistics about education in 2008-2012

The political culture of Pakistan is defined by the multi-ethnic. The politics was concentrated mainly in the hands of a few people who migrated from India and having been displaced.

Ethnic groups

Three occupational castes: Rajputs, Jats, and Arains. 

Political parties have increased in number but declined in political power, particularly in relation to the military. Since the late 1990s, numerous parties have divided into factions. The Pakistan People’s Party and Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz Sharif have divided into numerous parties, and the Muttahida Quami Movement has lost substantial legitimacy as a result of involvement in violence. Officially, 73 parties contested the 2002 National Assembly elections, but only 3 percent of voters were registered as members of a political party. The military has given financial support to religious parties as a counterweight to secular parties, but electoral support for religious parties has been well below 10 percent nationwide. Many parties have separate wings for women and youth, and many are accused of having militias that collect funds and intimidate opponents. 

Pakistan was founded to promote religious freedom, and the constitution guarantees freedom of religion. However, Islam is the state religion, and the constitution states that religious practice is “subject to law, public order, and morality.” The government also has Islamic institutions such as the Federal Shariat Court and the Council of Islamic Ideology. The government has promoted Islam as a means of unifying numerous ethnic groups. 

  

 

Prior to 1857, Muslims were excellent in economics and administration, and Muslim leaders are believed to have led the country to regain the political and economic advantages. The British responded by dropping Urdu and Persian as official languages and replacing them with English, thus rendering many Muslims functionally illiterate and unemployable. The British also placed Hindus in many positions previously occupied by Muslims. 

 

  

In July 1947 the British announced their intention to withdraw from India. Pakistan was born as an independent state in August 1947, divided by 1,600 kilometers of Indian soil and by economic and social divisions between a largely Bengali East Wing and a heavily Punjabi and Sindhi West Wing. The country also faced problems with absorbing millions of Muslim refugees from India, addressing substantial poverty, and establishing a functioning government and national unity over a geographically and ethnically divided state.

 

Pakistan joined the U.S. war on terror and broke relations with Afghanistan’s Taliban government. In June 2003, Bush announced that Pakistan had arrested more than 500 Taliban members. One of the most significant catches was the “March 2003 arrest of Khalid Shaikh Mohammed”, the former No. 3 leader of al Qaeda and the alleged mastermind of the September 11 attacks. Pakistan has also deployed 25,000 troops to the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, the mountainous region that borders Afghanistan, to track Qaeda fugitives.

 

Because of the relationship between America and Pakistan, they regained the strategic importance it had during the 1980s, when it was a base for U.S. aid to Islamic militias fighting the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. On June 24, 2003, President Bush hosted Musharraf at Camp David and announced a $3 billion aid package for Pakistan, as well as $1 billion in loan forgiveness, in recognition of its assistance to the United States in fighting al Qaeda.