Network standard is an agreed-upon rules and it provides guidelines for manufactures, vendors, users and etc. Network standard is used in network communication to ensure the data travels to the correct destination. The most commonly known network standard adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) are the 802 standards such as 802.3, 802.8, 802.11 and many more. IEEE 802 is the network standard used for local area networks (LAN), personal area network (PAN), wide area network (WAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN). To be more specific, IEEE 802.3 is a set of network standards that define Ethernet-based networks. In 802.3, Ethernet is referring to the physical cabling and the data is transmitted through Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection (CSMA/CD). This transmission method means that only 1 device can transmit the data at one time while the other device has to wait until the transmission is completed. IEEE 802.3 is most commonly used in LAN.

One example of standard organization is ISO, the International Organization for Standardization. ISO is not an acronym, but it means equal based on Greek work “ISOS”. It is a multinational body established in 1947 that develops and establish the International Standards. Note that almost three-fourths of the countries in the world are represented in ISO. Thus, ISO is the world’s largest developer of international standards for a wide variety of products and services. ISO introduced the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model in the late 1970s that covers all aspects of network communications. This model was an attempt to standardise the actual protocol that people used to communicate through computers. However, OSI model is still lack of success due to several reasons such as some layers in OSI were never fully defined.