Individuals with with Physical Health Disabilities, and related Low-Incidence Disabilities by Marisa Roides

Definition of Low-Incidence Disabilities textbook page 449

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A special education category representative of students with disabilities that occur relatively infrequently.

three categories of physical impairments textbook page 450

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orthopedic impairment, multiple disabilities, and traumatic brain injury.

Orthopedic Impairment-

A severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly impairments caused by disease and impairments from other causes.

Multiple Disabilities-

Concomitant impairments the combination of which causes such severe educational needs that students cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for one of the impairments. The term does not include deaf-blindness

Traumatic Brain Injury-

An acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment or both the adversely affects educational performance. The term applies to open or closed head injuries, resulting in impairments in one or more areas such as cognition, language, memory, attention, reasoning, abstract, thinking, judgment, problem-solving, sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities, psychosocial behavior, physical functions information processing, and speech. The term does not apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative or brain injuries induced by birth trauma.

Characteristics:

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Physical
Atypical movements, sensory loss, difficulty walking or using arms, and pain management issues. People with physical disabilities may use adaptive equipment like wheelchairs, canes, or walkers.
Communication
Limited speech or communication, difficulty with nonverbal communication, or abnormalities in eye contact.
Cognitive
Cognitive impairments, processing deficits, or difficulty generalizing skills.
Social
Difficulty developing and maintaining relationships, or difficulties adjusting behavior to social contexts.
Emotional
Behavioral and emotional functioning.
Hereditary
Physical and health disabilities can be caused by hereditary conditions, such as muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, and cystic fibrosis.

Low-incidence disabilities are uncommon and occur less often in the general population. They include hearing impairments, visual impairments, significant cognitive impairments, or any impairment that requires specialized help.

Causes textbook page 453

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Some of the most common causes, resulting in physical and health disabilities are genetic and chromosomal defects, teratogenic causes prematurity and complications of pregnancy as well as acquired causes in some cases certain physical or health disabilities have multiple causes. For instance, infants are at risk for cerebral palsy due to preconception factors prenatal factors, perinatal factors, birth asphyxia where there is a lack of oxygen to the fetus and postnatal factors.

Interventions/Treatments

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Healthcare providers can improve the health of people with disabilities by:
- Giving patients the information they need to live a healthy life
- Listening to patients' health concerns
- Communicating clearly with patients
- Planning for extra time during examinations
- Providing accessible medical equipment, such as scales, examination tables, and chairs
Therapy and rehabilitation
Therapy and rehabilitation can help people with disabilities achieve a healthier and more independent lifestyle.
Adaptive equipment
People with physical disabilities may need adaptive equipment to help them get around, such as wheelchairs, walkers, canes, or prosthetic devices.
Instructional environment
For students with low-incidence disabilities, the instructional environment should include:
- Communication support and development
- IEP goals intervention
- Development of independence skills
Accommodations and modifications
Accommodations and modifications can include:
- Chunking out assignments and activities
- Prioritizing instruction on IEP goals
- Adapting activities and instruction to meet the needs of students

Video

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My classroom

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In my future classroom, I would create a welcoming and accessible space for students with physical health or low-incidence disabilities. I would use tools like assistive technology, adaptive seating, and hands-on activities to help them learn. Working with specialists and support staff would ensure their needs are met. Some challenges might include balancing their needs with the rest of the class and making sure the classroom is fully accessible. However, these students often bring strengths like resilience and unique perspectives, which I would celebrate by giving them chances to share, lead, and contribute to our classroom community.

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